Maksimovic Jovan, Maksimovic Marko
School of Medicine, University Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2010;8(2):239-60.
For centuries, theologists, historians, archaeologists, petrologists, and others had been interested in a story about Christian martyrs known as Passio Sanctorum Quattuor Coronatorum. It is a hagiographic manuscript from the 4th century which describes the martyrdom and death of two separate groups of Christians who suffered Diocletian's persecution. One group lived in Pannonia and the other in Rome. They refused to offer sacrifice to the ancient god of medicine Asclepius Roman Aesculapius. In the 6th century, their relics were kept in a basilica on the Coelian Hill in Rome, named after four saint martyrs Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum. In the Middle Ages, these saints enjoyed great glory, and many churches and chapels were dedicated to them in Italy, France, England, and Belgium. Guilds of stone workers and stone cutters took them for patrons. There are many copies of the Passio, which are kept in Vatican, Paris, Milan, Verona, Bern, and Munich. Beside the martyrdom story, these copies speak about inconsistencies related to the saints' names and place and time of the events described in the story. Our study brings together the most important findings made so far about this hagiographic mystery. Certain events described in the Passio are interpreted from the medico-historical aspect, which is a new approach to the subject.
几个世纪以来，神学家、历史学家、考古学家、岩石学家及其他人士一直对一个关于基督教殉道者的故事感兴趣，这个故事被称为《四殉道者传》。它是一份4世纪的圣徒传记手稿，描述了遭受戴克里先迫害的两批不同基督徒的殉道和死亡。一批人生活在潘诺尼亚，另一批在罗马。他们拒绝向古罗马医神阿斯克勒庇俄斯献祭。6世纪时，他们的遗物被保存在罗马西里欧山上的一座大教堂里，这座教堂以四位圣殉道者圣四殉道者命名。在中世纪，这些圣徒享有极大的荣耀，意大利、法国、英国和比利时有许多教堂和小礼拜堂供奉着他们。石匠和石雕工同业公会将他们奉为守护神。《四殉道者传》有许多抄本，保存在梵蒂冈、巴黎、米兰、维罗纳、伯尔尼和慕尼黑。除了殉道故事，这些抄本还讲述了与圣徒名字以及故事中所描述事件的地点和时间相关的不一致之处。我们的研究汇集了迄今为止关于这个圣徒传记之谜的最重要发现。从医学史的角度对《四殉道者传》中描述的某些事件进行了解读，这是对该主题的一种新方法。
