Department of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Minerva Med. 2010 Dec;101(6):395-404.
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is steeply rising in industrialized nations, and the vast majority of patients do not qualify for curative treatment at the time of diagnosis. This phenomenon is directly related to the clinician's ability to accurately diagnose HCC at an early stage, which can be quite challenging in the setting of a cirrhotic, nodular liver. A particular difficulty arises in the differentiation of very small neoplastic lesions from hyperplastic nodules. In the past decade, technological advances have made dynamic imaging of the cirrhotic liver more feasible, which in turn improves the sensitivity and specificity of these modalities for the diagnosis of HCC. In this article we describe the typical characteristics of HCCin modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, discuss the recent advances in dynamic imaging in each of these modalities, and review the published guidelines for surveillance and diagnosis for HCC.
肝细胞癌 (HCC) 在工业化国家的发病率正在急剧上升，绝大多数患者在诊断时不符合治愈性治疗的条件。这种现象与临床医生在肝硬化、结节性肝脏中早期准确诊断 HCC 的能力直接相关，而这在临床上具有一定挑战性。在区分非常小的肿瘤性病变与增生性结节方面存在特殊的困难。在过去十年中，技术进步使得肝硬化肝脏的动态成像变得更加可行，这反过来又提高了这些方法对 HCC 诊断的敏感性和特异性。本文描述了超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像等方式中 HCC 的典型特征，讨论了这些方式中动态成像的最新进展，并回顾了 HCC 的监测和诊断的发布指南。
