Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA.
Cell Microbiol. 2011 Mar;13(3):349-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01562.x. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
cAMP is an ancient second messenger, and is used by many organisms to regulate a wide range of cellular functions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria are exceptional in that they have genes for at least 15 biochemically distinct adenylyl cyclases, the enzymes that generate cAMP. cAMP-associated gene regulation within tubercle bacilli is required for their virulence, and secretion of cAMP produced by M. tuberculosis bacteria into host macrophages disrupts the host's immune response to infection. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the means by which cAMP levels are controlled within mycobacteria, the importance of cAMP to M. tuberculosis during host infection, and the role of cAMP in mycobacterial gene regulation. Understanding the myriad aspects of cAMP signalling in tubercle bacilli will establish new paradigms for cAMP signalling, and may contribute to new approaches for prevention and/or treatment of tuberculosis disease.
环腺苷酸（cAMP）是一种古老的第二信使，许多生物都用它来调节广泛的细胞功能。结核分枝杆菌复合体细菌是特殊的，它们至少有 15 种生化上不同的腺苷酸环化酶（生成 cAMP 的酶）的基因。cAMP 相关基因调节是结核分枝杆菌毒力所必需的，结核分枝杆菌细菌分泌的 cAMP 进入宿主巨噬细胞会破坏宿主对感染的免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对分枝杆菌内 cAMP 水平控制方式的理解的最新进展，cAMP 对宿主感染期间结核分枝杆菌的重要性，以及 cAMP 在分枝杆菌基因调节中的作用。了解结核分枝杆菌中 cAMP 信号传递的诸多方面将为 cAMP 信号传递建立新的范例，并可能有助于预防和/或治疗结核病的新方法。
