Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Jan;105(1):133-43. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510003119.
Dairy products provide Ca and protein which may facilitate appetite control. Conversely, weight loss is known to increase the motivation to eat. This randomised controlled trial verified the influence of milk supplementation on appetite markers during weight loss. Low Ca consumer women participated in a 6-month energy-restricted programme (-2508 kJ/d or -600 kcal/d) and received either a milk supplementation (1000 mg Ca/d) or an isoenergetic placebo (n 13 and 12, respectively). Fasting appetite sensations were assessed by visual analogue scales. Anthropometric parameters and fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin and cortisol were measured as well. Both groups showed a significant weight loss (P < 0·0001). In the milk-supplemented group, a time x treatment interaction effect showed that weight loss with milk supplementation induced a smaller increase in desire to eat and hunger (P < 0·05). Unlike the placebo group, the milk-supplemented group showed a lower than predicted decrease in fullness (-17·1 v. -8·8; -2·7 v. 3·3 mm, P < 0·05, measured v. predicted values, respectively). Even after adjustment for fat mass loss, changes in ghrelin concentration predicted those in desire to eat (r 0·56, P < 0·01), hunger (r 0·45, P < 0·05) and fullness (r -0·40, P < 0·05). However, the study did not show a between-group difference in the change in ghrelin concentration in response to the intervention. These results show that milk supplementation attenuates the orexigenic effect of body weight loss.
乳制品提供钙和蛋白质，可能有助于控制食欲。相反，体重减轻已知会增加进食的动机。这项随机对照试验验证了牛奶补充对减肥期间食欲标志物的影响。低钙消费者的女性参加了为期 6 个月的能量限制计划（-2508 kJ/d 或-600 kcal/d），并分别接受牛奶补充（1000 mg Ca/d）或等能量安慰剂（分别为 13 人和 12 人）。通过视觉模拟量表评估空腹食欲感觉。测量了人体测量参数和空腹血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素、胃饥饿素和皮质醇浓度。两组均显示出显著的体重减轻（P < 0·0001）。在牛奶补充组中，时间 x 处理相互作用效应表明，牛奶补充减肥会导致食欲和饥饿感的增加较小（P < 0·05）。与安慰剂组不同，牛奶补充组的饱腹感下降幅度低于预测值（-17·1 与-8·8；-2·7 与 3·3 mm，P < 0·05，分别为实测值与预测值）。即使在调整脂肪质量损失后，胃饥饿素浓度的变化也可以预测食欲（r 0·56，P < 0·01）、饥饿（r 0·45，P < 0·05）和饱腹感（r -0·40，P < 0·05）的变化。然而，该研究并未显示干预对胃饥饿素浓度变化的组间差异。这些结果表明，牛奶补充可减轻体重减轻的食欲促进作用。
