National Surgical Training Centre, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Med Educ. 2011 Feb;45(2):132-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03760.x.
it has been acknowledged that certain personality characteristics influence both medical students' and doctors' performance. With regard to medical students, studies have been concerned with the role of personality, and performance indicators such as academic results and clinical competence. In addition, the link between personality and vulnerability to stress, which has implications for performance, has been investigated at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Most of the studies cited in the literature were published before the year 2000. The authors therefore undertook a literature search to determine whether any prospective systematic studies have been published since 2000.
a review of the literature for 2000-2009 was performed, using the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. The search terms used were 'personality', 'performance', 'stress' and 'medical student'. Specific inclusion criteria required studies to be cohort studies carried out over a minimum period of 2 years, which measured medical student scores on valid and reliable personality tests, and used objective measures of performance and stress.
the authors identified seven suitable studies. Four of these looked at personality factors and academic success, one looked at personality factors and clinical competence, and two looked at personality factors and stress. The main personality characteristic repeatedly identified in the literature was conscientiousness.
the personality trait known as conscientiousness has been found to be a significant predictor of performance in medical school. The relationship between personality and performance becomes increasingly significant as learners advance through medical training. Additional traits concerning sociability (i.e. extraversion, openness, self-esteem and neuroticism) have also been identified as relevant, particularly in the applied medical environment. A prospective national study with the collaboration of all medical schools would make it possible to further investigate these important but initial findings.
人们已经认识到某些个性特征会影响医学生和医生的表现。就医学生而言，研究已经关注到个性的作用，以及学业成绩和临床能力等表现指标。此外，还研究了个性与压力易感性之间的联系，这对表现有影响，研究对象包括本科生和研究生。文献中引用的大多数研究都是在 2000 年之前发表的。因此，作者进行了文献检索，以确定自 2000 年以来是否有任何前瞻性系统研究发表。
使用 MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 CINAHL 数据库对 2000-2009 年的文献进行了回顾。使用的检索词是“个性”、“表现”、“压力”和“医学生”。具体的纳入标准要求研究为至少进行 2 年的队列研究，该研究使用有效的和可靠的个性测试来衡量医学生的分数，并使用客观的表现和压力测量方法。
作者确定了 7 项合适的研究。其中 4 项研究关注个性因素与学业成功的关系，1 项研究关注个性因素与临床能力的关系，2 项研究关注个性因素与压力的关系。文献中反复提到的主要个性特征是尽责性。
尽责性这一人格特征已被发现是医学院学生表现的重要预测指标。随着学习者在医学培训中不断进步，个性与表现之间的关系变得越来越重要。还发现了其他与社交能力有关的个性特征（即外向性、开放性、自尊和神经质）也很重要，特别是在应用医学环境中。与所有医学院合作进行一项前瞻性的全国性研究，将有可能进一步调查这些重要但初步的发现。
