2011-2016 年美国州级安全带使用情况：自我报告与观察使用以及致命受伤乘客使用的比较。
State-level seat belt use in the United States, 2011-2016: Comparison of self-reported with observed use and use by fatally injured occupants.
机构信息
Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2020 Jun;73:103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.015. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
INTRODUCTION
Despite 49 states and the District of Columbia having seat belt laws that permit either primary or secondary enforcement, nearly half of persons who die in passenger vehicle crashes in the United States are unbelted. Monitoring seat belt use is important for measuring the effectiveness of strategies to increase belt use.
OBJECTIVE
Document self-reported seat belt use by state seat belt enforcement type and compare 2016 self-reported belt use with observed use and use among passenger vehicle occupant (PVO) fatalities.
METHODS
We analyzed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) self-reported seat belt use data during 2011-2016. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare the 2016 BRFSS state estimates with observed seat belt use from state-based surveys and with unrestrained PVO fatalities from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.
RESULTS
During 2011-2016, national self-reported seat belt use ranged from 86-88%. In 2016, national self-reported use (87%) lagged observed use (90%) by 3 percentage points. By state, the 2016 self-reported use ranged from 64% in South Dakota to 93% in California, Hawaii, and Oregon. Seat belt use averaged 7 percentage points higher in primary enforcement states (89%) than in secondary states (82%). Self-reported state estimates were strongly positively correlated with state observational estimates (r = 0.80) and strongly negatively correlated with the proportion of unrestrained PVO fatalities (r = -0.77).
CONCLUSION
National self-reported seat belt use remained essentially stable during 2011-2016 at around 87%, but large variations existed across states. Practical Applications: If seat belt use in secondary enforcement states matched use in primary enforcement states for 2016, an additional 3.98 million adults would have been belted. Renewed attention to increasing seat belt use will be needed to reduce motor-vehicle fatalities. Self-reported and observational seat belt data complement one another and can aid in designing targeted and multifaceted interventions.
简介
尽管美国 49 个州和哥伦比亚特区都有允许主要或次要执法的安全带法律，但在美国因乘用车碰撞而死亡的人中，近一半人没有系安全带。监测安全带的使用情况对于衡量增加安全带使用策略的有效性非常重要。
目的
按州安全带执法类型记录自我报告的安全带使用情况，并比较 2016 年自我报告的安全带使用率与观察到的使用率以及乘用车乘客（PVO）死亡者中的使用率。
方法
我们分析了 2011-2016 年期间行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）自我报告的安全带使用数据。使用 Pearson 相关系数（r）比较 2016 年 BRFSS 州估计数与州内调查观察到的安全带使用情况以及来自致命事故分析报告系统的未约束 PVO 死亡情况。
结果
在 2011-2016 年期间，全国范围内自我报告的安全带使用率范围为 86-88%。2016 年，全国自我报告的使用率（87%）比观察到的使用率（90%）低 3 个百分点。按州划分，2016 年自我报告的使用率从南达科他州的 64%到加利福尼亚州、夏威夷州和俄勒冈州的 93%不等。主要执法州的安全带使用率平均比次要执法州高 7 个百分点（89%比 82%）。自我报告的州估计数与州观测估计数之间呈强正相关（r=0.80），与未约束 PVO 死亡人数的比例呈强负相关（r=-0.77）。
结论
在 2011-2016 年期间，全国范围内自我报告的安全带使用率基本稳定在 87%左右，但各州之间存在很大差异。实用应用：如果 2016 年次要执法州的安全带使用率与主要执法州的使用率相匹配，那么将有另外 398 万成年人系上安全带。为了减少机动车死亡事故，将需要重新关注增加安全带的使用。自我报告和观察到的安全带数据相互补充，可以帮助设计有针对性和多方面的干预措施。
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