Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Jul;109(1):185-94. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-2242-y. Epub 2011 Jan 7.
Insecticide resistance and inadequate attention to the application instructions of topical pediculicides are common reasons for treatment failure. Essential oils or plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. The present study was carried out to establish the pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers (Menispermaceae) against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). We reported the aqueous plant extract and synthesized AgNPs against head lice and vectors. Direct contact method was conducted to determine the potential of pediculocidal activity. The synthesized AgNPs characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. Head lice and mosquito larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts and synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. The results suggest that the optimal times for measuring mortality effects of synthesized AgNPs were 33% at 5 min, 67% at 15 min, and 100% after 1 h. The maximum activity was observed in the synthesized AgNPs against lice, A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus (LC(50) = 12.46, 6.43 and 6.96 mg/L; r (2) = 0.978, 0.773 and 0.828), respectively. The findings revealed that synthesized AgNPs possess excellent anti-lice and mosquito larvicidal activity. These results suggest that the green synthesis of AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of head lice and vectors.
杀虫剂耐药性和对局部杀虫剂使用说明的关注不足是治疗失败的常见原因。由于其对哺乳动物的低毒性和易于生物降解性，精油或植物提取物是很好且安全的替代品。本研究旨在使用 Tinospora cordifolia Miers（Menispermaceae）叶水提物合成银纳米粒子（AgNPs），建立针对人头虱 Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer（Phthiraptera：Pediculidae）和疟疾传播媒介第四龄幼虫的杀虱和杀幼虫活性。 Anopheles subpictus Grassi 和丝虫病传播媒介，Culex quinquefasciatus Say（双翅目：Culicidae）。我们报道了针对头虱和媒介的水基植物提取物和合成 AgNPs。采用直接接触法测定杀虱活性。通过紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射对合成 AgNPs 进行了表征。将头虱和蚊子幼虫暴露于不同浓度的水提物和合成 AgNPs 中 24 小时。结果表明，测量合成 AgNPs 对死亡率影响的最佳时间为 5 分钟时为 33%，15 分钟时为 67%，1 小时后为 100%。在合成 AgNPs 对虱子、A. subpictus 和 C. quinquefasciatus 的最大活性观察到（LC 50 = 12.46、6.43 和 6.96 mg/L；r 2 = 0.978、0.773 和 0.828）。研究结果表明，合成 AgNPs 具有良好的杀虱和杀蚊幼虫活性。这些结果表明，AgNPs 的绿色合成具有作为控制头虱和媒介的理想环保方法的潜力。
