[船舱内硫化氢污染致渔民眼部灼伤的调查]

Qian Ding-Guo, Wang Jian-Yue, Wang Yun-Ming, Ma Yin-Xiang, Huang Yu-Geng, Zhou Chang-Bo, Tang Zhi-Bo

Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Peoples's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China.

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Dec;44(12):1128-30.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the H(2)S pollution in cabins which caused the fishermen's eye burns.

METHODS

Fifty-six fishing boats' H(2)S concentration was surveyed and 56 fishermen's eyes were inspected. The air samples were collected from 21 fishing boats' cabins, where the eye burns took place and the monitoring conditions met the inspection requirement, in order to confirm the concentration of H(2)S when eye burns and the systemic poisoning happened. Thirty fishing boats were divided into two groups: one was using air ventilating and spraying, the other was using naturally ventilation to find out the effective method of dispersing H(2)S. Five fishing boats were surveyed in which the fishermen had slight symptom of bulbar conjunctiva hyperemia and cough to find out the minimum concentration of H(2)S which caused the eye burns and respiratory mucosa.

RESULTS

Among 56 fishermen who were surveyed, 46 fishermen's eyes (92 eyes) burnt and they were from 21 vessels, 10 of them (20 eyes) were moderate, 36 of them (72 eyes) were light. The concentration of H(2)S in the 21 fishing boats' cabins which caused eye burns was (99 ± 38) mg/m(3). The first measuring of the concentration of H(2)S in the 30 fishing boats in which fish were not discharged yet was (219 ± 31) mg/m(3). Air ventilating and spraying group's concentration of H(2)S was (213 ± 24) mg/m(3), while that of naturally ventilation group's was (225 ± 36) mg/m(3). Dispersing after 1 hour, the concentration of H(2)S of air ventilating and spraying group was (21 ± 3) mg/m(3), the decreased concentration was (192 ± 21) mg/m(3), fell 90%; the concentration of naturally ventilation group was (184 ± 36) mg/m(3), the decreased concentration was (41 ± 8) mg/m(3), fell 18%. The difference between the two groups' decreased concentration was significant (t = 25.627, P < 0.05). The threshold value of H(2)S concentration that could cause the eye burns was 38 mg/m(3)(exposure time 120 min). In 7 vessels, the concentration of H(2)S in the cabins was (123 ± 9) mg/m(3) where 10 fishermen's moderate eye burns happened. In other 7 vessels, the concentration of H(2)S in the cabins was (54 ± 7) mg/m(3) where 19 fishermen's light eye burns happened. The difference of H(2)S concentration between the two groups was significant (t = 14.236, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

High H(2)S concentration and long exposure time in cabin can cause serious eye burns. The bilge air ventilation and inner cabin spraying are the effective method to clear the H(2)S in cabin within short time.

目的

调查导致渔民眼部灼伤的船舱内硫化氢（H₂S）污染情况。

方法

对56艘渔船的H₂S浓度进行检测，并检查56名渔民的眼部。从21艘发生眼部灼伤且监测条件符合检测要求的渔船船舱采集空气样本，以确定眼部灼伤和全身中毒发生时的H₂S浓度。将30艘渔船分为两组：一组采用空气通风和喷洒措施，另一组采用自然通风，以找出驱散H₂S的有效方法。对5名有轻微球结膜充血和咳嗽症状的渔民所在的渔船进行检测，以找出导致眼部灼伤和呼吸道黏膜损伤的H₂S最低浓度。

结果

在接受调查的56名渔民中，46名渔民（92只眼）眼部灼伤，他们来自21艘船只，其中10名（20只眼）为中度灼伤，36名（72只眼）为轻度灼伤。导致眼部灼伤的21艘渔船船舱内H₂S浓度为（99±38）mg/m³。30艘尚未卸货的渔船中首次检测到的H₂S浓度为（219±31）mg/m³。空气通风和喷洒组的H₂S浓度为（213±24）mg/m³，而自然通风组的浓度为（225±36）mg/m³。通风1小时后，空气通风和喷洒组的H₂S浓度为（21±3）mg/m³，降低浓度为（192±21）mg/m³，下降了90%；自然通风组的浓度为（184±36）mg/m³，降低浓度为（41±8）mg/m³，下降了18%。两组降低浓度的差异有统计学意义（t = 25.627，P < 0.05）。可导致眼部灼伤的H₂S浓度阈值为38 mg/m³（暴露时间120分钟）。在7艘渔船中，船舱内H₂S浓度为（123±9）mg/m³，10名渔民发生中度眼部灼伤。在另外7艘渔船中，船舱内H₂S浓度为（54±7）mg/m³，19名渔民发生轻度眼部灼伤。两组H₂S浓度差异有统计学意义（t = 14.236，P < 0.05）。