Dent C W, Maher J E, Pizacani B A, Dowler D W, Rohde K, Peterson E
Program Design and Evaluation Services, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Rural Remote Health. 2010 Oct-Dec;10(4):1564. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes premature death and disease in children and non-smoking adults; the home is the primary source of SHS exposure. The aim of this study was to assess variance in the prevalence of children's SHS exposure in Alaskan households with an adult smoker according to rurality, race/ethnicity, income and education, household age composition, marital status, amount smoked each day, and beliefs in SHS health consequences.
Telephone interviews were conducted between 2004 and 2007 on a population-based random sample of 1119 Alaskan adult smokers with children living in the household.
Respondents living with children over 5 years of age reported a significantly (p <0.05) higher prevalence of home SHS exposure, compared with those living with younger children. Respondents 40 years and older reported significantly more exposure than others. Alaska Native smokers reported significantly lower SHS exposure in their homes than those of other races, as did those living in very rural areas. Respondents' heavier smoking was significantly associated with more SHS exposure. The sub-population of adults living without other adults was approximately 1.5 times more likely to report SHS exposure than those living with other adults. As expected, having a no-smoking rule in the home greatly lowered the risk of SHS exposure in the home.
Although most smokers with children believed that SHS is harmful, some need to convert those beliefs into actions. The results from this study suggest that those with school-aged children, and moderate to heavy smokers should be targeted for intervention, given their high prevalence of home SHS exposure. Future work should examine reasons for low exposure levels among Alaska Native people to inform programmatic efforts in other communities.
接触二手烟会导致儿童和不吸烟的成年人过早死亡和患病；家庭是二手烟接触的主要来源。本研究的目的是根据农村地区、种族/民族、收入和教育程度、家庭年龄构成、婚姻状况、每日吸烟量以及对二手烟健康后果的认知，评估阿拉斯加有成年吸烟者家庭中儿童二手烟接触率的差异。
2004年至2007年期间，对阿拉斯加1119名有孩子同住的成年吸烟者进行了基于人群的随机抽样电话访谈。
与家中有年幼儿童的受访者相比，家中有5岁以上儿童的受访者报告的家庭二手烟接触率显著更高（p<0.05）。40岁及以上的受访者报告的接触率明显高于其他人。阿拉斯加原住民吸烟者报告的家庭二手烟接触率明显低于其他种族的吸烟者，生活在非常偏远农村地区的吸烟者也是如此。受访者吸烟量越大，二手烟接触越多。没有其他成年人同住的成年人群体报告二手烟接触的可能性比与其他成年人同住的群体高出约1.5倍。正如预期的那样，家中有禁烟规定可大大降低家庭二手烟接触的风险。
尽管大多数有孩子的吸烟者认为二手烟有害，但有些人需要将这些认知转化为行动。本研究结果表明，鉴于家中二手烟接触率较高，应针对有学龄儿童的人群以及中度至重度吸烟者进行干预。未来的工作应研究阿拉斯加原住民二手烟接触水平较低的原因，以便为其他社区的项目工作提供参考。
