Sethi Kruttibas, Sarkar Siddik, Das Subhasis, Mohanty Biswanarayan, Mandal Mahitosh
School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, PIN-721302, India.
J Exp Ther Oncol. 2010;8(4):341-52.
Thyroid tumor contributes 1% of the total tumor but 90% of the endocrine related tumors. Majority of the thyroid cancers are being diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histology. Although histology is considered as gold standard, it has some limitations, like variants of papillary and follicular cancer creates confusion among pathologists, where the morphological features are indistinguishable. Conventional histology and FNAC fails to provide any prognostic and therapeutic information. To address this problem, several immunohistochemical markers are proposed and their efficiency in thyroid cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are being evaluated. Among the discussed immunohistochemical markers, few have potential in accurate diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Hector battifora mesothelial antigen-1 (HBME-1) and Galectin-3 (GAL-3) shows highest specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer respectively. Overexpression of EGFR in thyroid cancer is in proportionate with the severity of the advanced thyroid carcinoma, which required further evaluation and validation. Surgery and radio-iodine therapy is the main treatment modality, however; combined targeted therapeutic approach against different thyroid cancer receptor and biomarkers can reduce the side effect, and improve therapeutic efficiency. This review is oriented towards the finding of the potent thyroid cancer receptor having enhanced sensitivity and specificity, with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic efficiency.
甲状腺肿瘤占全部肿瘤的1%，但占内分泌相关肿瘤的90%。大多数甲状腺癌是通过细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNAC）和组织学诊断的。尽管组织学被视为金标准，但它有一些局限性，比如乳头状癌和滤泡状癌的变异型会让病理学家感到困惑，因为它们的形态特征难以区分。传统组织学和FNAC无法提供任何预后和治疗信息。为了解决这个问题，人们提出了几种免疫组化标志物，并正在评估它们在甲状腺癌诊断、治疗和预后方面的有效性。在讨论的免疫组化标志物中，很少有在甲状腺癌的准确诊断和预后方面具有潜力的。Hector battifora间皮抗原-1（HBME-1）和半乳糖凝集素-3（GAL-3）在甲状腺癌诊断中分别显示出最高的特异性和敏感性。甲状腺癌中表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的过表达与晚期甲状腺癌的严重程度成正比，这需要进一步评估和验证。然而，手术和放射性碘治疗是主要的治疗方式；针对不同甲状腺癌受体和生物标志物的联合靶向治疗方法可以减少副作用，并提高治疗效果。这篇综述旨在寻找具有更高敏感性和特异性、具备诊断、预后和治疗效能的强效甲状腺癌受体。
