State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Feb;3(2):566-72. doi: 10.1021/am101137w. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
Hydrated metal sulfates (MSO(4)·xH(2)O, M = Zn, Fe, Co, Mg, etc.) were proposed to be intelligent templates to solvothermally synthesize nanoporous TiO(2) spheres with tunable chamber structures from hollow to solid and hybrid compositions. During the reaction, hydrated sulfate serves simultaneously as spherical template, water supplier, and composition controller, and it can be easily removed by washing. The as-prepared anatase TiO(2) spheres were evidenced to contain highly crystallized TiO(2) nanocrystals hybridized with a small amount of metal oxide from the hydrated sulfate. The formation mechanism of the hollow spheres involves the self-conglobation of hydrated sulfate, the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate on the spherical templates, and the subsequent process of solvothermal crystallization. The proposed hydrated-sulfate assisted solvothermal (HAS) strategy was demonstrated to be widely applicable to various systems. When applied to visible-light photocatalysis, the hybrid TiO(2) spheres exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, benefiting from the reduced charge recombination rate contributed by the heterojunctions of TiO(2) and the hybridized metal oxides.
水合金属硫酸盐 (MSO(4)·xH(2)O，M = Zn、Fe、Co、Mg 等) 被提议作为智能模板，通过溶剂热合成法从空心到实心和混合组成的具有可调腔结构的纳米多孔 TiO(2) 球体。在反应过程中，水合硫酸盐同时作为球形模板、水供应源和组成控制器，可以通过洗涤轻松去除。所制备的锐钛矿 TiO(2) 球体被证明含有高度结晶的 TiO(2)纳米晶，与水合硫酸盐中的少量金属氧化物混合。空心球体的形成机制涉及水合硫酸盐的自凝聚、四丁基钛酸酯在球形模板上的水解，以及随后的溶剂热结晶过程。所提出的水合硫酸盐辅助溶剂热 (HAS) 策略被证明广泛适用于各种体系。当应用于可见光光催化时，混合 TiO(2) 球体表现出优异的光催化性能，这得益于 TiO(2)和混合金属氧化物的异质结降低了电荷复合率。
