Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Intervirology. 2011;54(5):246-52. doi: 10.1159/000320967. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
Pandemic viral infections as emerging infectious diseases are of a great global concern. However, for some viruses, particular strains are endemic to specific areas and can be genetically distinguished from strains in other regions. In contrast, for some other viruses, genetically similar strains can spread and circulate all over the world. This study addresses global dissemination of various viral infections.
We classified 34 viruses as per their ability to cross borders by review. We also described factors responsible for and the dynamics of global dissemination. We examined biological characteristics of viruses, manners or routes of transmission, host responses and epidemiological factors.
Factors required for viruses to cross borders include 'non-blood infection', 'short incubation period', 'short infectious period', 'frequent re-infection', 'small basic reproductive number (R(0))' and 'high annual incidence'.
Knowing the factors responsible for global dissemination of pathogens is useful for controlling and/or containing both classic and emerging infectious diseases.
作为新发传染病的大流行病毒感染受到全球高度关注。然而，对于某些病毒，特定毒株为特定地区所固有，并且可以与来自其他地区的毒株在基因上区分开来。相比之下，对于某些其他病毒，遗传相似的毒株可以在全球范围内传播和循环。本研究探讨了各种病毒感染的全球传播。
我们通过审查将 34 种病毒按其越境能力进行分类。我们还描述了导致病毒全球传播的因素及其动态。我们检查了病毒的生物学特征、传播方式或途径、宿主反应和流行病学因素。
病毒越境所需的因素包括“非血液感染”、“潜伏期短”、“传染性期短”、“频繁再感染”、“较小的基本繁殖数（R(0)）”和“高年发病率”。
了解导致病原体全球传播的因素对于控制和/或遏制经典和新发传染病都很有用。
