Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(1):144-55. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.533412.
The present study first examined the links between reactive temperament (negative affectivity), regulative temperament (effortful control [EC]) and internalizing problems in adolescents (12-18 years) with anxiety disorders (ANX; N = 39) and without anxiety disorders (nANX; N = 35). Links differed between ANX and nANX participants. Negative affectivity predicted internalizing problems, with almost no role of EC in nANX, but a protective role of EC was found in ANX youth. Second, we investigated the role of attentional bias as a mediator between temperament and internalizing problems. Strategic threat-related bias was predicted by initial attention and EC, but these relations differed in both groups. In nANX participants, higher initial bias scores were predictive for lower strategic bias scores and higher levels of EC were associated with higher bias scores. In ANX participants, there was almost no effect of initial bias or EC on strategic attention. Internalizing problems were predicted by strategic attention, but again differently in ANX and nANX participants. High strategic bias scores were associated with an increase in anxiety in ANX and a decrease in anxiety in nANX participants.
本研究首先考察了反应性气质（负性情感）、调节性气质（努力控制[EC]）与伴有焦虑障碍（ANX；N=39）和不伴有焦虑障碍（nANX；N=35）的青少年（12-18 岁）内化问题之间的联系。ANX 和 nANX 参与者之间的联系不同。负性情感预测了内化问题，EC 在 nANX 中几乎没有作用，但在 ANX 青少年中 EC 具有保护作用。其次，我们研究了注意偏向作为气质和内化问题之间的中介作用。与威胁相关的策略性注意偏向取决于初始注意和 EC，但在两组中这些关系不同。在 nANX 参与者中，较高的初始偏差分数与较低的策略性偏差分数相关，而较高的 EC 水平与较高的偏差分数相关。在 ANX 参与者中，初始偏差或 EC 对策略性注意几乎没有影响。内化问题由策略性注意预测，但在 ANX 和 nANX 参与者中表现不同。高的策略性偏差分数与 ANX 参与者的焦虑增加有关，与 nANX 参与者的焦虑减少有关。
