Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
J Perinatol. 2011 Jul;31(7):487-93. doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.159. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
To evaluate safety of oseltamivir in neonates with significant comorbidities in a level-III neonatal intensive care unit during an outbreak of 2009 H1N1 influenza.
We performed a retrospective chart review of neonates who received oseltamivir for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza during the outbreak.
A total of 11 neonates received twice daily dosing and 21 neonates received once daily dosing (12 to 25 mg per dose) for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza, respectively. Age ranged from 2 days to 11.4 months (mean, 2.1 months). Corrected gestational age and weight at initiation of oseltamivir ranged from 32 to 86 weeks (mean, 41 weeks) and 775 to 8635 g (mean, 3074 g), respectively. All had complex underlying conditions. Oseltamivir was well tolerated. Neurologic adverse effects or mortality attributable to oseltamivir were not identified. Mild rash and gastrointestinal signs in four infants resolved without oseltamivir discontinuation. Three showed a transient rise in transaminases; all returned to baseline after completing therapy.
Oseltamivir appears to be well tolerated in preterm and term neonates and infants with complex underlying conditions. More studies are needed to determine optimal dosing for treatment and prophylaxis in this vulnerable age group.
评估在 2009 年 H1N1 流感大流行期间，在三级新生儿重症监护病房中，患有严重合并症的新生儿使用奥司他韦的安全性。
我们对在流感大流行期间接受奥司他韦治疗和预防流感的新生儿进行了回顾性图表审查。
共有 11 名新生儿接受了每日两次剂量的治疗，21 名新生儿接受了每日一次剂量的治疗（分别为 12 至 25 毫克/剂量）。年龄从 2 天到 11.4 个月（平均 2.1 个月）。开始使用奥司他韦时的矫正胎龄和体重范围为 32 至 86 周（平均 41 周）和 775 至 8635 克（平均 3074 克）。所有患儿均有复杂的基础疾病。奥司他韦耐受性良好。未发现奥司他韦引起的神经不良反应或死亡。四名婴儿出现轻度皮疹和胃肠道症状，但无需停药即可缓解。有 3 名婴儿的转氨酶一过性升高；所有患者在完成治疗后均恢复正常。
奥司他韦似乎在早产儿和足月儿以及患有复杂基础疾病的婴儿中耐受性良好。需要进一步研究来确定在这个脆弱年龄段的治疗和预防的最佳剂量。
