Department of Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology, Laboratory for Energy and Environment, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Apr 14;13(14):6388-96. doi: 10.1039/c0cp02394a. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
Crystalline porous materials are extremely important for developing catalytic systems with high scientific and industrial impact. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show unique potential that still has to be fully exploited. This perspective summarizes the properties of MOFs with the aim to understand what are possible approaches to catalysis with these materials. We categorize three classes of MOF catalysts: (1) those with active site on the framework, (2) those with encapsulated active species, and (3) those with active sites attached through post-synthetic modification. We identify the tunable porosity, the ability to fine tune the structure of the active site and its environment, the presence of multiple active sites, and the opportunity to synthesize structures in which key-lock bonding of substrates occurs as the characteristics that distinguish MOFs from other materials. We experience a unique opportunity to imagine and design heterogeneous catalysts, which might catalyze reactions previously thought impossible.
结晶多孔材料对于开发具有高科学和工业影响力的催化系统至关重要。金属-有机骨架（MOFs）具有独特的潜力，有待进一步充分开发。本文着眼于 MOFs 的性质，旨在了解如何利用这些材料进行催化。我们将 MOF 催化剂分为三类：（1）骨架上具有活性位的催化剂；（2）封装有活性物种的催化剂；（3）通过后合成修饰引入活性位的催化剂。我们确定了可调变的孔隙率、精细调整活性位及其环境结构的能力、多个活性位的存在，以及合成键合底物的关键锁结构的机会，这些都是 MOFs 与其他材料的区别特征。我们正经历一个独特的机会去想象和设计异相催化剂，这些催化剂可能催化以前认为不可能的反应。
