Wicker Sabine, Rose Markus A
Occupational Health Service, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Med Klin (Munich). 2010 Dec;105(12):882-6. doi: 10.1007/s00063-010-1153-0. Epub 2011 Jan 16.
Communicable and vaccine-preventable airway infections are a major public and occupational health issue. The epidemiology of pertussis has changed, with unprotected adults being the main source of infections. Thus, the prevention of a transmission from health care workers (HCWs) to patients is an important strategy to control this communicable infection. The Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch-Institute in Germany has explicitly recommended that HCWs ought to be vaccinated against pertussis. However, vaccination rates among HCWs remain low. This study was meant to evaluate the attitudes of HCWs towards the pertussis vaccination and to determine the correlation between the influenza and pertussis vaccination status of HCWs.
An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to HCWs at a German university hospital.
Overall, we found a disturbingly low level of awareness concerning official recommendations as to immunizations (35.6%) and the personal risk assessment of acquiring a work-related pertussis infection (23.2%). In general, both aspects were frequently associated with a refusal to get immunized. A strong correlation between the immunization status of pertussis and influenza was found among physicians: overall, 93.1% of physicians who were vaccinated against pertussis were also vaccinated against influenza. Nurses showed significantly weaker correlation rates as well as lower vaccination rates (p<0.05).
Misconceptions about pertussis and low vaccination rates were prevalent among HCWs, particularly nurses. Hospital-based pertussis vaccination campaigns should focus on the risk of nosocomial pertussis transmission and on the new recommendations for pertussis immunization among adults and HCWs.
可传播且可用疫苗预防的呼吸道感染是一个重大的公共卫生和职业健康问题。百日咳的流行病学已发生变化，未接种疫苗的成年人成为主要感染源。因此，预防医护人员（HCWs）将感染传播给患者是控制这种传染病的一项重要策略。德国罗伯特·科赫研究所的疫苗接种常设委员会（STIKO）明确建议医护人员应接种百日咳疫苗。然而，医护人员的疫苗接种率仍然很低。本研究旨在评估医护人员对百日咳疫苗接种的态度，并确定医护人员流感疫苗接种状况与百日咳疫苗接种状况之间的相关性。
向一家德国大学医院的医护人员发放了一份匿名问卷。
总体而言，我们发现医护人员对官方免疫接种建议（35.6%）以及对因工作感染百日咳的个人风险评估（23.2%）的知晓程度低得令人不安。一般来说，这两个方面都常常与拒绝接种疫苗有关。在医生中发现百日咳疫苗接种状况与流感疫苗接种状况之间存在很强的相关性：总体而言，接种百日咳疫苗的医生中有93.1%也接种了流感疫苗。护士的相关性比率明显较弱，疫苗接种率也较低（p<0.05）。
医护人员中，尤其是护士中，对百日咳存在误解且疫苗接种率较低。基于医院的百日咳疫苗接种活动应关注医院内百日咳传播的风险以及针对成年人和医护人员的百日咳免疫接种新建议。
