Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 Feb;90(2):140-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01030.x. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Maternal risks include obstetric hemorrhage, need for blood transfusions, emergency hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and renal failure. Maternal death is rare but seven times higher than the overall maternal mortality rate. Perinatal consequences include low birthweight, preterm delivery, asphyxia, stillbirth and perinatal death. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.
胎盘早剥，经典定义为分娩前胎盘的过早分离，是妊娠后半期阴道出血的主要原因之一。大约有 0.4-1%的妊娠并发胎盘早剥。与美国（0.6-1.0%）相比，北欧国家（0.38-0.51%）的发病率较低。胎盘早剥也是产妇发病率和围产儿死亡率的最重要原因之一。产妇的风险包括产科出血、需要输血、紧急子宫切除术、弥漫性血管内凝血和肾衰竭。产妇死亡很少见，但比总体产妇死亡率高 7 倍。围产儿后果包括低出生体重、早产、窒息、死胎和围产儿死亡。在发达国家，大约 10%的所有早产和 10-20%的所有围产儿死亡是由胎盘早剥引起的。在许多国家，胎盘早剥的发生率一直在增加。尽管已经知道一些危险因素，但胎盘早剥的病因学是多因素的，尚未完全了解。
