街道连通性和密度对成年人 BMI 的影响：双城步行研究的结果。
Effect of street connectivity and density on adult BMI: results from the Twin Cities Walking Study.
机构信息
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454-1015, USA.
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Jul;66(7):636-40. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.122556. Epub 2011 Jan 17.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the US population has risen dramatically in recent years. To try to explain this, some studies have examined the association between the built environment and obesity (measured using the body mass index (BMI)). Most of these studies have not sought to identify causal effects, but rather correlations.
METHODS
Data from the Twin Cities Walking Study were used to examine the effect of population density and block size on BMI. Although the Twin Cities Walking Study is a cross-sectional observational study, the matched-sampling design is novel in that it maximises environmental variance while minimising person variance to enhance exchangeability of subjects and more closely mimic an experimental study.
RESULTS
Contrary to expectations, the hypothesised most walkable neighbourhood (high density, small block stratum) had the greatest mean and median BMI. After adjusting for demographic covariates, physical activity and clustering due to neighbourhood, no conclusive effect of population density by block size on BMI was found (β=-1.024, 95% CI -2.408 to 0.359).
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence of an effect of population density by block size on BMI.
背景
近年来，美国人口中超重和肥胖的患病率急剧上升。为了解释这一现象，一些研究调查了建筑环境与肥胖（通过身体质量指数 (BMI) 衡量）之间的关系。这些研究大多没有试图确定因果效应，而是在寻找相关性。
方法
本研究使用双城步行研究的数据来检验人口密度和街区大小对 BMI 的影响。尽管双城步行研究是一项横断面观察性研究，但匹配抽样设计是新颖的，因为它最大限度地提高了环境方差，同时最小化了个体方差，以增强研究对象的可交换性，并更接近模拟实验研究。
结果
与预期相反，假设最适合步行的社区（高密度、小街区层）的平均 BMI 和中位数最高。在调整人口统计学协变量、体力活动和因邻里关系导致的聚类后，发现人口密度与街区大小对 BMI 没有显著影响（β=-1.024，95%CI-2.408 至 0.359）。
结论
没有证据表明人口密度与街区大小对 BMI 有影响。
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