Siep Nicolette, Jansen Anita, Havermans Remco, Roefs Anne
Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011;6:17-33. doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_82.
The cognitive model of eating disorders (EDs) states that the processing of external and internal stimuli might be biased in mental disorders. These biases, or cognitive errors, systematically distort the individual's experiences and, in that way, maintains the eating disorder. This chapter presents an updated literature review of experimental studies investigating these cognitive biases. Results indicate that ED patients show biases in attention, interpretation, and memory when it comes to the processing of food-, weight-, and body shape-related cues. Some recent studies show that they also demonstrate errors in general cognitive abilities such as set shifting, central coherence, and decision making. A future challenge is whether cognitive biases and processes can be manipulated. Few preliminary studies suggest that an attention retraining and training in the cognitive modulation of food reward processing might be effective strategies to change body satisfaction, food cravings, and eating behavior.
饮食失调的认知模型表明，在精神障碍中，外部和内部刺激的处理可能存在偏差。这些偏差，即认知错误，会系统性地扭曲个体的体验，从而维持饮食失调。本章对调查这些认知偏差的实验研究进行了最新的文献综述。结果表明，在处理与食物、体重和体型相关的线索时，饮食失调患者在注意力、解释和记忆方面存在偏差。最近的一些研究表明，他们在诸如定势转换、中央连贯性和决策等一般认知能力方面也存在错误。未来的一个挑战是认知偏差和过程是否可以被操纵。少数初步研究表明，注意力再训练以及对食物奖励处理的认知调节训练可能是改变身体满意度、食物渴望和饮食行为的有效策略。
