Rubin Lisa, Nir-lnbar Sharon, Rishpon Shmuel
Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Haifa University, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2010 Nov;12(11):657-61.
The rate and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia is very high. Factors that could affect breastfeeding among women emigrating to Israel include the desire to adopt "modern" behaviors, the availability of infant formulas, and the greater awareness of AIDS and fear of transmission via breast milk.
To examine the rate and duration of breastfeeding among recent Ethiopian immigrants to Israel.
Using a structured questionnaire we interviewed 93 Ethiopian born mothers of children aged 2 months to 5 years living in northern Israel.
Ninety-two percent of the children born in Ethiopia were exclusively breastfed as compared to 76.3% of the Israeli born children, in whom the rate of mixed feeding was 18.3%. Although the duration of breastfeeding of the youngest child was significantly shorter than that of the firstborn (20.1 vs. 24.8 months), it remains much longer than the average duration for native Israeli mothers. No association was seen between breastfeeding rate or duration and the years since immigration, work outside the home or exposure to formula. The women's attitude towards breastfeeding was positive despite the lack of specific knowledge concerning breast milk and infant formulas.
Breastfeeding patterns among Ethiopian women have changed since their immigration to Israel. These changes probably reflect the cultural and societal pressures to acculturate to the mores of the adopted society. Reinforcing traditional family and peer support for these women is important to preserve breastfeeding in this population. This should be done within the context of changes that support breastfeeding in Israeli society.
埃塞俄比亚的母乳喂养率和持续时间很高。移民到以色列的女性中，可能影响母乳喂养的因素包括渴望采用“现代”行为、婴儿配方奶粉的可获得性，以及对艾滋病的更多认识和对通过母乳传播的恐惧。
研究近期移民到以色列的埃塞俄比亚女性的母乳喂养率和持续时间。
我们使用结构化问卷对93名居住在以色列北部、孩子年龄在2个月至5岁之间、出生于埃塞俄比亚的母亲进行了访谈。
在埃塞俄比亚出生的孩子中，92% 是纯母乳喂养，而在以色列出生的孩子中这一比例为76.3%，后者的混合喂养率为18.3%。虽然最小孩子的母乳喂养持续时间明显短于第一个孩子（20.1个月对24.8个月），但仍比以色列本地母亲的平均持续时间长得多。母乳喂养率或持续时间与移民年份、外出工作或接触配方奶粉之间没有关联。尽管缺乏关于母乳和婴儿配方奶粉的具体知识，但这些女性对母乳喂养的态度是积极的。
埃塞俄比亚女性移民到以色列后，其母乳喂养模式发生了变化。这些变化可能反映了融入所接纳社会习俗的文化和社会压力。加强对这些女性的传统家庭和同伴支持，对于在这一人群中保持母乳喂养很重要。这应该在支持以色列社会母乳喂养的变革背景下进行。
