Veghari G, Ahmadpour-Kacho M, Zahedpasha Y
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Department of Pediatrics and Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Nov;4(6):899-903. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.144908.
Mother's milk plays an important role in infant's health, and World Health Organization (WHO) recommends infants should be breastfed for 2 years or up.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the breastfeeding status based on parents' educational level with comparison between Turkman and non-Turkman ethnic groups in the North of Iran in 2010.
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, which was carried out on 6519 subjects (3897 = non-Turkman and 2622 = Turkman) in urban and rural areas. Data have been collected through interviewing with primary school children's mothers. The schools and students were selected using multi-cluster random sampling methods. Breastfeeding was defined based on WHO predominant definition.
Of all mothers, 5.8% (377/6519) breastfed for 6 months, 34.8% (2265/6519) for 7-18 months, 57.4% (3745/6519) for 18-24 months and 2% (132/6519) didn't breastfeed their infants. Breastfeeding prevalence at 19-24 months in Turkman ethnic group (64.7%; 1696/2622) was significantly more than in non-Turkman ethnic group (52.6%; 2049/3897) (P < 0.01) besides early weaning prevalence (at 6 months) in Turkman group was significantly less than in non-Turkman group (4.7%; 123/2622 vs. 6.5%; 254/3897) (P < 0.01). Odds ratio for weaning before 6 months in non-Turkman mothers were 0.563 (0.365-0.786, confidence interval [CI] 95%) in 1-12 years schooling and 0.665 (0.486-0.910, CI: 95%) in uneducated groups compared to college educated. This ratio in Turkman fathers was 3.413 (1.726-6.746, CI: 95%) in 1-12 years schooling compared with college educated.
The duration of breastfeeding was longer among Turkman compared with non-Turkman mothers, and longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher educational level in the Turkman but not in the non-Turkman mothers.
母乳对婴儿健康起着重要作用，世界卫生组织（WHO）建议婴儿应母乳喂养至2岁及以上。
本研究的主要目的是基于父母的教育水平评估2010年伊朗北部土库曼族和非土库曼族之间的母乳喂养状况。
这是一项描述性横断面研究，对城乡地区的6519名受试者（3897名非土库曼族和2622名土库曼族）进行。数据通过对小学生母亲的访谈收集。学校和学生采用多聚类随机抽样方法选取。母乳喂养根据WHO的主要定义进行界定。
在所有母亲中，5.8%（377/6519）母乳喂养6个月，34.8%（2265/6519）母乳喂养7 - 18个月，57.4%（3745/6519）母乳喂养18 - 24个月，2%（132/6519）未对婴儿进行母乳喂养。土库曼族19 - 24个月的母乳喂养率（64.7%；1696/2622）显著高于非土库曼族（52.6%；2049/3897）（P < 0.01），此外土库曼族的早期断奶率（6个月时）显著低于非土库曼族（4.7%；123/2622对比6.5%；254/3897）（P < 0.01）。与受过大学教育的母亲相比，非土库曼族母亲在6个月前断奶的优势比在接受1 - 12年教育的母亲中为0.563（0.365 - 0.786，95%置信区间[CI]），在未受过教育的母亲中为0.665（0.486 - 0.910，CI：95%）。与受过大学教育的父亲相比，土库曼族父亲在接受1 - 12年教育时该比例为3.413（1.726 - 6.746，CI：95%）。
与非土库曼族母亲相比，土库曼族母亲的母乳喂养持续时间更长，且在土库曼族中母乳喂养持续时间较长与较高的教育水平相关，而非土库曼族母亲则不然。
