School of Biological Sciences and Technology, P. O. Box 162, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;63(1):191-8. doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.032.
To evaluate the presence and distribution of the three main viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, and norovirus) responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in sewerage system an one-year study was carried out in Beijing, China. A total of 96 samples of influent and effluents from three sewage treatment plants (STPs) were collected from November 2006 to October 2007. Silica was used to concentrate viral particles from water samples and a reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) method was used for detection of viruses. Viruses could be detected in 35.4% (34/96) of the water samples analyzed, where human rotavirus was the most frequently detected (32.3%, 31/96), followed by human astrovirus (6.3%, 6/96) and human norovirus (3.1%, 3/96). According to the quantitation results of rotaviruses, which were gained by the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method with SYBR Green I , it was known that the distributions of rotaviruses in influents and effluents of three STPs were quite similar, i.e., abundant in cold weather (from October to March) and less prevalent in warm weather (from April to September). According to the estimated exposure dose, exposure frequency, as well as the acceptable annual risk level, it was shown that the rotaviruses in the reused wastewater after conventional treatment process presented potential risk to human health through both occupational and accidental exposure.
为了评估导致人类急性肠胃炎的三种主要病毒（轮状病毒、星状病毒和诺如病毒）在污水系统中的存在和分布情况，在中国北京进行了为期一年的研究。本研究于 2006 年 11 月至 2007 年 10 月间，从三座污水处理厂（STP）的进水和出水共采集了 96 份水样。采用硅砂法浓缩水样中的病毒颗粒，并用逆转录套式聚合酶链反应（RT-nested PCR）方法进行病毒检测。结果显示，在所分析的 96 个水样中有 35.4%（34/96）可检测到病毒，其中人类轮状病毒的检出率最高（32.3%，31/96），其次是人类星状病毒（6.3%，6/96）和人类诺如病毒（3.1%，3/96）。根据实时定量 RT-PCR 法（采用 SYBR Green I）对轮状病毒定量的结果可知，轮状病毒在三座 STP 的进水和出水的分布情况非常相似，即在寒冷天气（10 月至 3 月）中丰度较高，而在温暖天气（4 月至 9 月）中较少。根据估计的暴露剂量、暴露频率以及可接受的年风险水平，表明经过常规处理工艺后再利用的废水中的轮状病毒通过职业暴露和意外暴露对人体健康具有潜在风险。
