Zhao Yan, Qiu Yangbo, Mamrol Natalie, Ren Longfei, Li Xin, Shao Jiahui, Yang Xing, van der Bruggen Bart
Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China.
Front Chem Sci Eng. 2022;16(5):634-660. doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2107-1. Epub 2021 Nov 26.
Discharged hospital wastewater contains various pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic groups, toxic organic compounds, radioactive elements, and ionic pollutants. These contaminants harm the environment and human health causing the spread of disease. Thus, effective treatment of hospital wastewater is an urgent task for sustainable development. Membranes, with controllable porous and nonporous structures, have been rapidly developed for molecular separations. In particular, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology demonstrated high removal efficiency toward organic compounds and low waste sludge production. To further enhance the separation efficiency and achieve material recovery from hospital waste streams, novel concepts of MBRs and their applications are rapidly evolved through hybridizing novel membranes (non hydrophilic ultrafiltration/microfiltration) into the MBR units (hybrid MBRs) or the MBR as a pretreatment step and integrating other membrane processes as subsequent secondary purification step (integrated MBR-membrane systems). However, there is a lack of reviews on the latest advancement in MBR technologies for hospital wastewater treatment, and analysis on its major challenges and future trends. This review started with an overview of main pollutants in common hospital waste-water, followed by an understanding on the key performance indicators/criteria in MBR membranes (i.e., solute selectivity) and processes (e.g., fouling). Then, an in-depth analysis was provided into the recent development of hybrid MBR and integrated MBR-membrane system concepts, and applications correlated with wastewater sources, with a particular focus on hospital wastewaters. It is anticipated that this review will shed light on the knowledge gaps in the field, highlighting the potential contribution of hybrid MBRs and integrated MBR-membrane systems toward global epidemic prevention.
医院排放的废水中含有各种致病微生物、抗生素类、有毒有机化合物、放射性元素和离子污染物。这些污染物危害环境和人类健康，导致疾病传播。因此，有效处理医院废水是可持续发展的一项紧迫任务。具有可控多孔和无孔结构的膜已迅速发展用于分子分离。特别是，膜生物反应器（MBR）技术对有机化合物具有高去除效率且产生的剩余污泥量低。为了进一步提高分离效率并从医院废物流中实现物质回收，通过将新型膜（非亲水性超滤/微滤）引入MBR单元（混合MBR）或将MBR作为预处理步骤并将其他膜工艺作为后续二级净化步骤（集成MBR-膜系统），MBR的新概念及其应用正在迅速发展。然而，缺乏关于用于医院废水处理的MBR技术最新进展的综述，以及对其主要挑战和未来趋势的分析。本综述首先概述了常见医院废水中的主要污染物，接着介绍了MBR膜（即溶质选择性）和工艺（如膜污染）中的关键性能指标/标准。然后，深入分析了混合MBR和集成MBR-膜系统概念的最新发展，以及与废水来源相关的应用，特别关注医院废水。预计本综述将揭示该领域的知识空白，突出混合MBR和集成MBR-膜系统对全球疫情防控的潜在贡献。
