Gallo Patricia Helena, dos Reis Nelio Roberto, Andrade Fabio Rodrigo, de Almeida Inaê Guion
Laboratory of Mammal Ecology, Department of Animal and Vegetal Biology, State University Londrina, 6001, 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Rev Biol Trop. 2010 Dec;58(4):1311-22. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v58i4.5414.
Abstract: Generally, natural environments have been transformed into small forest remnants, with the consequent habitat loss and species extinction. The North Paraná State is not an exception, since only 2 to 4% of the original ecosystem occurs in small fragments of Stational Semidecidual Forest. We studied the species richness and abundance of bats in two forest fragments from the Fazenda Congonhas, in Rancho Alegre city, Parana State, Brazil. Four samplings were undertaken in a legally protected native area (107.8 ha) and in a reforested area (11.8 ha) between April 2007 and March 2008. Samplings began at nightfall and lasted six hours,during two consecutive nights in each location. The individuals were captured using eight mist nets, with the same capture effort in both environments. A total of 397 individuals, 14 species and 10 genera were captured in the native area; while in the reforested area, 105 individuals, six species and four genera. Artibeus lituratus was the most common species in both fragments (n = 328, 65.3%), followed by Artibeus fimbriatus (n = 44, 8.8%) and Artibeus jamaicensis (n = 30, 6.0%). Other species including Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, Chrotopterus aurintus, Desmodus rotundus, Michronycteris megalotis, Phyllostomus hastatus, Phyllostomus discolor, Myoti levis, Myotis nigricans and Lasiurus blossevillii, accounted for 19.9% of the captures. The native area presented higher values of species richness (S = 14) and diversity (H' = 1.4802) in comparison to the reforested area (S = 6, H '= 0.57015). The t-test evidenced a significant difference between diversity among the sites (t = 7.1075). Chao 1 index indicated that the sampling effort recorded approximately 78% from the total species richness for the native area and 75% for the reforested area. Therefore, the preservation of the forest fragment is essential since it provides habitat for a diverse community of bats. Forest management and reforestation actions may prevent drastic changes in the microclimate of neighboring areas within the forest fragment, and could allow the occupation of available niches in the area, by opportunistic and generalist species.
一般来说，自然环境已转变为小片森林残余，导致栖息地丧失和物种灭绝。巴拉那州北部也不例外，因为在半落叶季节性森林的小片段中，仅存2%至4%的原始生态系统。我们研究了巴西巴拉那州阿莱格里港农场两个森林片段中的蝙蝠物种丰富度和数量。2007年4月至2008年3月期间，在一个合法保护的原生区域（107.8公顷）和一个重新造林区域（11.8公顷）进行了四次采样。采样在黄昏开始，持续六个小时，在每个地点连续进行两晚。使用八张雾网捕获个体，在两个环境中的捕获力度相同。在原生区域共捕获397只个体，分属10个属14个物种；而在重新造林区域捕获105只个体，分属4个属6个物种。白喉犬吻蝠是两个片段中最常见的物种（n = 328，占65.3%），其次是缨唇犬吻蝠（n = 44，占8.8%）和 Jamaicensis犬吻蝠（n = 30，占6.0%）。其他物种包括条纹扁鼻蝠、佩氏长舌蝠、黄翼蝠、金冠飞狐、吸血蝠、大耳长舌蝠、食果长舌蝠、变色长舌蝠、纤瘦鼠耳蝠、黑鼠耳蝠和布洛斯长耳蝠，占捕获量的19.9%。与重新造林区域相比，原生区域的物种丰富度（S = 14）和多样性（H' = 1.4802）更高（重新造林区域S = 6，H' = 0.57015）。t检验证明各地点之间的多样性存在显著差异（t = 7.1075）。Chao 1指数表明，采样力度记录了原生区域约78%的总物种丰富度和重新造林区域75%的总物种丰富度。因此，保护森林片段至关重要，因为它为多样化的蝙蝠群落提供了栖息地。森林管理和重新造林行动可以防止森林片段内邻近区域小气候的剧烈变化，并可能使机会主义和广食性物种占据该区域的可用生态位。
