Talamoni S A, Coelho D A, Dias-Silva L H, Amaral A S
Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais - PUC Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, CEP 30535-610, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2013 May;73(2):309-19. doi: 10.1590/S1519-69842013000200011.
Species richness and abundance of bats were studied in four nature reserves, including a karst area which has many potential rocky shelters for bats, such as caves and rock crevices. The reserves were located in the greater Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, one of the most populated regions of Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) ecological domains. Bats were sampled using mist-nets and, in the karst area, also by active searches in shelters. A total of 1,599 bats were captured representing 30 species belonging to four families. There was little similarity among the four chiropteran faunas. The greatest species richness was found in the karst area with 22 species recorded whereas richness estimates in the other areas indicated the need for further studies. Two hundred and sixty-five individuals of 14 species were captured from 56 shelters. Most of the shelters were frequently used for diurnal roosts, and all the bats found belonged to the Phyllostomidae, with the exception of Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Molossidae) and Peropteryx macrotis (Emballonuridae). The sanguinivorous Desmodus rotundus was the most common species in the shelters. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of maintaining multiple protected areas to ensure a representative fauna of bats in a region characterized by a vegetation transition zone and with intense economic activity and high environmental impact. This study also demonstrates the importance of rock shelters for maintaining local bat richness and the importance of active searches for bats in their diurnal roosts for a more thorough sampling of the bat fauna at a given locality.
在四个自然保护区对蝙蝠的物种丰富度和数量进行了研究，其中包括一个岩溶地区，该地区有许多适合蝙蝠栖息的潜在岩石庇护所，如洞穴和岩石裂缝。这些保护区位于巴西人口最密集的地区之一贝洛奥里藏特大都市区内，处于大西洋森林和塞拉多（巴西稀树草原）生态区域。使用雾网对蝙蝠进行采样，在岩溶地区还通过在庇护所进行主动搜索来采样。总共捕获了1599只蝙蝠，代表四个科的30个物种。这四种翼手目动物区系之间几乎没有相似性。在岩溶地区发现的物种丰富度最高，记录到22种，而其他地区的丰富度估计表明需要进一步研究。从56个庇护所捕获了14个物种的265只个体。大多数庇护所经常被用作日间栖息地，除了黑鼠耳蝠（蝙蝠科）、阔尾墓蝠（犬吻蝠科）和大耳无尾蹄蝠（鞘尾蝠科）外，所有发现的蝙蝠都属于叶口蝠科。吸血的普通吸血蝠是庇护所中最常见的物种。这项研究的结果表明，在一个以植被过渡带为特征、经济活动密集且环境影响大的地区，维持多个保护区对于确保蝙蝠代表性动物群的重要性。这项研究还表明了岩石庇护所对于维持当地蝙蝠丰富度的重要性，以及在蝙蝠日间栖息地进行主动搜索对于在特定地点更全面地采样蝙蝠动物群的重要性。
