Reis N R, Fregonezi M N, Peracchi A L, Rossaneis B K
Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2012 Aug;72(3):605-9. doi: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000300025.
The purpose was to show that displacements, promoters of genetic diversity in metapopulations, increase the probability of survival of bat species adapted to medium and long-distance flights. Samples were taken in four forest fragments, distributed in three municipalities in northern Paraná, and the maximum distance between the studied areas is 20 km. A monthly sampling was performed for each fragment, for the period of July 2008 to June 2009. We used eight nets for collection which remained open during the first four hours of the night, totalling 192 hours during a year of study. The marking occurred from October 2008 to March 2009 and was accomplished through the use of anodised metal rings of four different colours. One hundred and fifty individuals were banded and since the first capture, four displacements were recorded. After five months of collecting and marking, one Carollia perspicillata was found three km away. Two Artibeus lituratus were recorded about 20 km from the marking place: the first one after 22 months and the second one after 24 months. Additionally, one Platyrrhinus lineatus was captured at about 20 km, after 26 months. As they moved around over considerable distances and are not monogamous, they mate with females of other fragments, exchanging genes and reducing or even avoiding inbreeding. Thus, populations of bats have the ability to increase genetic diversity in metapopulations, provided by displacements between the forest fragments. Species that behave like this are not vulnerable to isolation.
目的是表明，作为集合种群中遗传多样性促进因素的迁移，增加了适应中长距离飞行的蝙蝠物种的生存概率。样本采集于四个森林片段，分布在巴拉那州北部的三个市，研究区域之间的最大距离为20公里。2008年7月至2009年6月期间，对每个片段进行每月一次的采样。我们使用了8个网进行收集，这些网在夜间的前四个小时保持开放，在一年的研究期间总计192小时。标记工作于2008年10月至2009年3月进行，通过使用四种不同颜色的阳极氧化金属环完成。共标记了150只个体，自首次捕获以来，记录到4次迁移。在进行了五个月的采集和标记后，在三公里外发现了一只苍白矛吻蝠。记录到两只白喉卷尾蝠距离标记地点约20公里：第一只在22个月后被发现，第二只在24个月后被发现。此外，一只条纹扁鼻蝠在26个月后在约20公里处被捕获。由于它们在相当远的距离内活动且并非一夫一妻制，它们与其他片段的雌性蝙蝠交配，交换基因，减少甚至避免近亲繁殖。因此，蝙蝠种群有能力通过森林片段之间的迁移来增加集合种群中的遗传多样性。表现出这种行为的物种不易受到隔离的影响。
