Lomonte B, Gutiérrez J M, Furtado M F, Otero R, Rosso J P, Vargas O, Carmona E, Rovira M E
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiologiá Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.
Toxicon. 1990;28(10):1137-46. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90114-m.
Three myotoxins, one from the venom of Bothrops atrox and two from the venom of B. moojeni, were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-25. The three toxins are basic proteins with an estimated mol. wt of about 13,500, and similar amino acid compositions. When injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of mice, the three toxins induce drastic myonecrosis of rapid onset, as judged by histological observation and quantitation of plasma creatine kinase levels. B. atrox myotoxin also has phosphlipase A2 and anticoagulant activities, whereas B. moojeni myotoxins I and II lack these effects. The three toxins are antigenically similar to each other, and to previously isolated myotoxins I and II from the venom of B. asper, when tested by gel immunodiffusion against rabbit antiserum to B. asper myotoxin I. Two monoclonal antibodies against B. asper myotoxins were tested against the newly purified proteins. MAb-3 recognizes all of them, whereas MAb-4 recognizes only B. atrox myotoxin, by enzyme-immunoassay. B. atrox and B. moojeni myotoxins can be tentatively classified within a group of myotoxins having phospholipase A2 structure present in Bothrops venoms.
通过在CM-葡聚糖凝胶C-25上进行离子交换色谱法，从矛头蝮蛇毒中分离出一种肌毒素，从莫氏矛头蝮蛇毒中分离出两种肌毒素。这三种毒素均为碱性蛋白质，估计分子量约为13,500，且氨基酸组成相似。通过组织学观察和血浆肌酸激酶水平的定量分析判断，当将这三种毒素注射到小鼠的腓肠肌中时，会迅速引发严重的肌肉坏死。矛头蝮蛇肌毒素还具有磷脂酶A2和抗凝活性，而莫氏矛头蝮蛇肌毒素I和II则缺乏这些作用。通过针对矛头蝮蛇肌毒素I兔抗血清的凝胶免疫扩散试验检测，这三种毒素彼此之间以及与先前从粗鳞矛头蝮蛇毒中分离出的肌毒素I和II在抗原性上相似。用两种针对粗鳞矛头蝮蛇肌毒素的单克隆抗体检测新纯化的蛋白质。通过酶免疫测定法，单克隆抗体-3可识别所有这些蛋白质，而单克隆抗体-4仅识别矛头蝮蛇肌毒素。矛头蝮蛇和莫氏矛头蝮蛇肌毒素可初步归类于矛头蝮蛇毒液中存在的具有磷脂酶A2结构的一组肌毒素中。
