Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011 Jan 21;60(1):1-24.
This report updates previous recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of antiviral agents for the prevention and treatment of influenza (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2008;57[No. RR-7]).This report contains information on treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza virus infection and provides a summary of the effectiveness and safety of antiviral treatment medications. Highlights include recommendations for use of 1) early antiviral treatment of suspected or confirmed influenza among persons with severe influenza (e.g., those who have severe, complicated, or progressive illness or who require hospitalization); 2) early antiviral treatment of suspected or confirmed influenza among persons at higher risk for influenza complications; and 3) either oseltamivir or zanamivir for persons with influenza caused by 2009 H1N1 virus, influenza A (H3N2) virus, or influenza B virus or when the influenza virus type or influenza A virus subtype is unknown; 4) antiviral medications among children aged <1 year; 5) local influenza testing and influenza surveillance data, when available, to help guide treatment decisions; and 6) consideration of antiviral treatment for outpatients with confirmed or suspected influenza who do not have known risk factors for severe illness, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset. Additional information is available from CDC's influenza website at http://www.cdc.gov/flu, including any updates or supplements to these recommendations that might be required during the 2010-11 influenza season. Health-care providers should be alert to announcements of recommendation updates and should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information. Recommendations related to the use of vaccines for the prevention of influenza during the 2010-11 influenza season have been published previously (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP], 2010. MMWR 2010;59[No. RR-8]).
本报告更新了美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）之前发布的关于使用抗病毒药物预防和治疗流感的建议（CDC. 预防和控制流感：免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）的建议[ACIP]。MMWR 2008；57[No. RR-7]）。本报告包含了关于流感病毒感染治疗和化学预防的信息，并提供了抗病毒治疗药物的有效性和安全性摘要。重点包括以下建议：1）对患有严重流感（如患有严重、复杂或进行性疾病或需要住院治疗的患者）的疑似或确诊流感患者进行早期抗病毒治疗；2）对患有流感并发症高危人群的疑似或确诊流感患者进行早期抗病毒治疗；3）对由 2009 年 H1N1 病毒、甲型流感（H3N2）病毒或乙型流感病毒引起的流感患者，或当流感病毒类型或甲型流感病毒亚型未知时，使用奥司他韦或扎那米韦；4）1 岁以下儿童使用抗病毒药物；5）在有条件的情况下，使用当地流感检测和流感监测数据来帮助指导治疗决策；6）对于无已知严重疾病危险因素的确诊或疑似流感的门诊患者，如果能够在发病后 48 小时内开始治疗，则考虑进行抗病毒治疗。更多信息可从 CDC 的流感网站（http://www.cdc.gov/flu）获得，包括在 2010-11 流感季节可能需要的这些建议的任何更新或补充。医疗保健提供者应警惕建议更新的公告，并定期检查 CDC 的流感网站以获取更多信息。与 2010-11 流感季节使用疫苗预防流感相关的建议已在之前发布（CDC. 用疫苗预防和控制流感：免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）的建议，2010 年。MMWR 2010；59[No. RR-8]）。
