Olson Samantha M, Dawood Fatimah S, Grohskopf Lisa A, Ellington Sascha
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2024 Dec;33(12):1591-1598. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2024.0893. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
The landscape of research on the benefits of influenza vaccines and antivirals to protect pregnant persons and infants has increased in recent years, while influenza vaccination rates and antiviral usage have declined. Pregnant people and infants <6 months of age are at increased risk of hospitalization with influenza, making protection of this population essential. Maternal influenza vaccination at any time during pregnancy is the best way to reduce the risk of influenza and severe influenza in both pregnant people and their infants <6 months of age. Influenza antiviral medications for pregnant people and infants are also recommended as early as possible if influenza is confirmed or suspected. This report will update on the current research on the benefits of influenza vaccination during pregnancy and influenza antiviral medication for the pregnant person and infant, current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for influenza vaccination in pregnancy and vaccination coverage rates, current influenza antiviral medication guidance and usage rates in pregnancy and among infants, and future directions for influenza pregnancy research. With over half a century of maternal influenza vaccination in the United States, we have improved protection for pregnant persons and infants against influenza, but we still have room for improvement and optimization with new challenges to overcome following the COVID-19 pandemic. By continuing to fill research gaps and increase vaccination coverage and antiviral usage, there is potential for significant reductions in the domestic and global burden of influenza in pregnant persons and infants.
近年来,关于流感疫苗和抗病毒药物对孕妇及婴儿保护作用的研究不断增加,然而流感疫苗接种率和抗病毒药物使用率却有所下降。孕妇及6个月以下婴儿患流感住院的风险增加,因此保护这一人群至关重要。孕期任何时候接种流感疫苗都是降低孕妇及其6个月以下婴儿患流感及重症流感风险的最佳方式。如果确诊或疑似流感,也建议尽早为孕妇及婴儿使用流感抗病毒药物。本报告将更新关于孕期接种流感疫苗及孕妇和婴儿使用流感抗病毒药物的益处的当前研究、免疫实践咨询委员会目前关于孕期流感疫苗接种的建议及接种覆盖率、当前孕期流感抗病毒药物的指导意见及使用率以及孕期和婴儿群体中的流感研究未来方向。在美国,孕妇接种流感疫苗已有半个多世纪,我们在保护孕妇和婴儿免受流感侵害方面取得了进展,但在应对新冠疫情带来的新挑战方面仍有改进和优化的空间。通过持续填补研究空白、提高疫苗接种覆盖率和抗病毒药物使用率,有可能大幅减轻美国国内及全球孕妇和婴儿的流感负担。