Julien Caboche, Esperanza Perdrix, Bruno Malet, Alleman Laurent Y
Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Mar;13(3):621-30. doi: 10.1039/c0em00439a. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
The research presented here was initiated to improve the current knowledge on easily released metals from atmospheric particles. The objectives of this paper were to develop an in vitro method to estimate lung bioaccessibility and to provide quantitative data on metals bioaccessibility. A large set of metals has been investigated (Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb and Zn) using two distinct fluids (water and Gamble solution) on four reference materials representing different types of particle sources. Through this study, different parameters such as extraction-time, composition of the leaching solution and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios were investigated. The findings obtained for four SRMs suggest that the bioaccessibility is maximized after a 24 h extraction for a range of S/L ratios varying from 1/500 to 1/50,000. We clearly demonstrate that the higher bioaccessibility of metals is obtained with the Gamble solution. Moreover, our results imply that bioaccessibility is speciation and element dependent with percentages varying from 3.3% for Pb to 92.5% for Zn. An estimation of uncertainties of 11% to 30% was obtained for metals bioaccessibility in the four reference materials. In addition, the extraction procedure was validated by performing a mass balance on both soluble and insoluble fractions. This developed method may be used to evaluate the pulmonary bioaccessibility of trace elements present in the atmospheric particles without major artefacts.
本文所呈现的研究旨在增进对大气颗粒物中易释放金属的现有认识。本文的目的是开发一种体外方法来估算肺部生物可及性，并提供有关金属生物可及性的定量数据。使用两种不同的液体（水和甘布尔溶液），对代表不同类型颗粒物来源的四种参考物质，研究了大量金属（钡、镉、铈、钴、铜、镧、锰、钼、镍、铅、铷、锑和锌）。通过这项研究，考察了诸如提取时间、浸出液组成和固液比等不同参数。对四种标准参考物质的研究结果表明，对于一系列从1/500到1/50000的固液比，在提取24小时后生物可及性达到最大值。我们清楚地证明，使用甘布尔溶液可获得更高的金属生物可及性。此外，我们的结果表明，生物可及性因形态和元素而异，百分比从铅的3.3%到锌的92.5%不等。四种参考物质中金属生物可及性的不确定性估计为11%至30%。此外，通过对可溶和不溶部分进行质量平衡，验证了提取程序。这种开发的方法可用于评估大气颗粒物中微量元素的肺部生物可及性，而不会产生重大假象。
