Barrientos Llosa Zaidett
Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 474-2050 San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop. 2010 Dec;58(4):1165-75.
Terrestrial mollusks are poorly known worldwide. The country has 183 reported species, 30% endemic and 7% are probably extinct. About 400 species are expected to inhabit the country. Biology, ecology, distribution, genetics and other areas of research are unknown for more than 95% of the species. The most diverse families are Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae and Subulinidae. However, the family that may have more species is Euconulidae. Euconulids inhabit the highlands, where less work has been done. The study of species of highlands will also rise the endemism rate. Future taxonomic, biological and ecological work should consider their low vagility, tendency to produce new taxa in sympatry, specific microhabitat requirements, hermaphroditism, high evolutionary rate (10% per million years), and divergence between species (2 to 30%). Urgent studies to protect the Costa Rican malacofauna include: distribution, abundance, effect of land use and climate changes on populations.
陆生软体动物在全球范围内鲜为人知。该国报告有183个物种，其中30%为特有物种，7%可能已灭绝。预计该国栖息着约400个物种。超过95%的物种在生物学、生态学、分布、遗传学及其他研究领域尚不为人所知。种类最多的科是旋螺科、正形螺科和细钻螺科。然而，可能拥有更多物种的科是真锥螺科。真锥螺栖息在高地，而在那里开展的研究较少。对高地物种的研究也将提高特有率。未来的分类学、生物学和生态学研究应考虑到它们迁移能力低、在同域中产生新分类群的倾向、特定的微生境要求、雌雄同体、高进化速率（每百万年10%）以及物种间的差异（2%至30%）。保护哥斯达黎加软体动物区系的紧迫研究包括：分布、丰度、土地利用和气候变化对种群的影响。
