Mapping of the interactions between partition proteins Delta and Omega of plasmid pSM19035 from Streptococcus pyogenes.

Formation of the segrosome, a nucleoprotein complex crucial for proper functioning of plasmid partition systems, involves interactions between specific partition proteins (ParA-like and ParB-like), ATP and specific DNA sequences (the centromeric sites). Although partition systems have been studied for many years, details of the segrosome formation are not yet clear. Organization of the pSM19035-encoded partition system is unique; in contrast with other known par systems, here, the δ and ω genes do not constitute an operon. Moreover, Omega [a ParB-like protein which has a Ribbon-Helix-Helix (RHH) structure] recognizes multiple centromeric sequences located in the promoters of δ, ω and copS (copy-number control gene). The ParA-like protein Delta is a Walker-type ATPase. In this work, we identify the interaction domains and requirements for dimerization and hetero-interactions of the Delta and Omega proteins of pSM19035 plasmid. The RHH structures are involved in Omega dimerization in vivo and its N-terminal unstructured part is indispensable for association with Delta, both in vivo and in vitro. Omega does not need to form dimers to interact with Delta. ATP binding is not required for Delta dimerization but is important for interaction with Omega in vivo. The in vitro interaction between Delta and Omega depends on ATP but does not require the presence of specific DNA segments (the centromere) recognized by Omega. The C-terminal part of the Delta protein (aa 198-284) is indispensable for interaction with Omega. Delta most probably interacts with Omega as a dimer since two amino acid substitutions in a conserved region between the A' and B motifs abolish both the dimerization of Delta and its interaction with Omega.