Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, MC 2352, Arizona State University at the West Campus, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100, USA.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2011 May;99(4):781-93. doi: 10.1007/s10482-011-9552-7. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains ATCC 15305, ATCC 35552, and ATCC 49907 were found to require L-proline but not L-arginine for growth in a defined culture medium. All three strains could utilize L-ornithine as a proline source and contained L-ornithine aminotransferase and Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activities; strains ATCC 35552 and ATCC 49907 could use L-arginine as a proline source and had L-arginase activity. The proline requirement also could be met by L-prolinamide, L-proline methyl ester, and the dipeptides L-alanyl-L-proline and L-leucyl-L-proline. The bacteria exhibited L-proline degradative activity as measured by the formation of Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. The specific activity of proline degradation was not affected by addition of L-proline or NaCl but was highest in strain ATCC 49907 after growth in Mueller-Hinton broth. A membrane fraction from this strain had L-proline dehydrogenase activity as detected both by reaction of Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with 2-aminobenzaldehyde (0.79 nmol min(-1) mg(-1)) and by the proline-dependent reduction of p-iodonitrotetrazolium (20.1 nmol min(-1) mg(-1)). A soluble fraction from this strain had Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity (88.8 nmol min(-1) mg(-1)) as determined by the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of DL-Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Addition of L-proline to several culture media did not increase the growth rate or final yield of bacteria but did stimulate growth during osmotic stress. When grown with L: -ornithine as the proline source, S. saprophyticus was most susceptible to the proline analogues L-azetidine-2-carboylate, 3,4-dehydro-DL-proline, DL-thiazolidine-2-carboxylate, and L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate. These results indicate that proline uptake and metabolism may be a potential target of antimicrobial therapy for this organism.
腐生葡萄球菌菌株 ATCC 15305、ATCC 35552 和 ATCC 49907 被发现需要 L-脯氨酸但不需要 L-精氨酸才能在定义的培养基中生长。所有三种菌株都可以将 L-鸟氨酸用作脯氨酸的来源，并含有 L-鸟氨酸氨基转移酶和 Δ(1)-吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶活性；菌株 ATCC 35552 和 ATCC 49907 可以将 L-精氨酸用作脯氨酸的来源，并具有 L-精氨酸酶活性。脯氨酸的需求也可以通过 L-脯氨酰胺、L-脯氨酸甲酯以及二肽 L-丙氨酰-L-脯氨酸和 L-亮氨酰-L-脯氨酸来满足。细菌表现出 L-脯氨酸降解活性，可通过 Δ(1)-吡咯啉-5-羧酸的形成来衡量。脯氨酸降解的比活性不受 L-脯氨酸或 NaCl 的添加影响，但在 Mueller-Hinton 肉汤中生长后，菌株 ATCC 49907 的比活性最高。该菌株的膜部分具有 L-脯氨酸脱氢酶活性，这通过 Δ(1)-吡咯啉-5-羧酸与 2-氨基苯甲醛的反应（0.79 nmol min(-1)mg(-1)）和脯氨酸依赖性还原 p-碘硝基四唑（20.1 nmol min(-1)mg(-1)）来检测。该菌株的可溶性部分具有 Δ(1)-吡咯啉-5-羧酸脱氢酶活性（88.8 nmol min(-1)mg(-1)），通过 DL-Δ(1)-吡咯啉-5-羧酸的 NAD(+)依赖氧化来确定。向几种培养基中添加 L-脯氨酸不会增加细菌的生长速度或最终产量，但确实会在渗透压应激时刺激生长。当用 L：-鸟氨酸作为脯氨酸来源生长时，腐生葡萄球菌对脯氨酸类似物 L-氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸、3,4-脱氢-DL-脯氨酸、DL-噻唑烷-2-羧酸和 L-噻唑烷-4-羧酸最敏感。这些结果表明，脯氨酸的摄取和代谢可能是该生物抗菌治疗的潜在靶点。
