Tomilovskaia E S, Kozlovskaia I B
Fiziol Cheloveka. 2010 Nov-Dec;36(6):104-12.
Results of Russian-Austrian space experiment "Monimir" which was a part of international space program "Austromir" are presented in this paper. Characteristics of horizontal gaze fixation reaction (hGFR) to visual targets were analyzed. Seven crewmembers of "Mir" space station expeditions took part in the experiment. Experiments were carried out 4 times before space flight, 5 times in flight and 3-4 times after landing. There were revealed significant alterations in characteristics of gaze fixation reaction during flight and after its accomplishing, namely: an increase of the time of gaze fixation to the target, changes of eye and head movements' velocity and increase of the gain of vestibular-ocular reflex, that pointed out to the disturbances of the control mechanisms of vestibular-ocular reflex in weightlessness caused by changes of vestibular input's activity. There was discovered also the difference in the strategies of adaptation to microgravity conditions among the cosmonauts of flight and non-flight occupation: in the first group exposure to weightlessness was accompanied by gaze hypermetry and inhibition of head movements; in the second one--on the contrary--by increase of head movement velocity and decrease of saccades' velocity.
本文介绍了俄罗斯-奥地利空间实验“莫妮米尔”的结果，该实验是国际空间计划“奥斯特罗米尔”的一部分。分析了对视觉目标的水平注视固定反应（hGFR）的特征。“和平”号空间站任务的七名机组人员参与了该实验。实验在太空飞行前进行了4次，飞行中进行了5次，着陆后进行了3至4次。结果显示，在飞行期间及其结束后，注视固定反应的特征发生了显著变化，具体如下：注视目标的时间增加、眼球和头部运动速度改变以及前庭眼反射增益增加，这表明失重状态下前庭输入活动的变化导致了前庭眼反射控制机制的紊乱。此外，还发现了飞行和非飞行职业的宇航员在适应微重力条件的策略上存在差异：第一组中，失重状态伴随着注视过远和头部运动抑制；而第二组则相反，头部运动速度增加，扫视速度降低。
