Environmental Health Risk Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
Environ Res. 2011 Apr;111(3):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.11.001. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Epidemiologists have tried to establish an association between human health and exposure to particulate matter (PM). In addition, many researchers have investigated the adverse effects of PM as a trigger of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is known that a number of environmental contaminants are attached to PM and the toxicity of PM may depend on the sources. We investigated the effects of PM collected in a residential area of Seoul on the immunotoxic responses including cytokine production in BAL fluid and in blood after a single intratracheal instillation in mice with the characterization of physico-chemical properties of PM 2.5 samples. As results, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6), Th0-type cytokine (IL-2), and Th1-type cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ) were increased by a dose-dependent manner. Cell infiltration in the alveolar area and phagocytosis by macrophage was observed until day 28 after instillation. The expressions of oxidative stress-related genes (HSP 1a, HSP 8, and SOD) and tissue damage-related genes (MMP-15, -19, and Slpi) were time-dependently increased. PM 2.5 also induced an increase of T cell distribution in lymphocyte and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Based on the results, we suggest that PM 2.5 collected in a residential area of Seoul may induce Th1 type-inflammatory responses with oxidative stress and trigger adverse effects in human health.
流行病学研究人员试图建立人类健康与暴露于颗粒物（PM）之间的关联。此外，许多研究人员已经研究了 PM 作为心血管和肺部疾病诱因的不良影响。众所周知，许多环境污染物附着在 PM 上，并且 PM 的毒性可能取决于来源。我们研究了在首尔居民区收集的 PM 对免疫毒性反应的影响，包括单次气管内滴注 PM2.5 样品后 BAL 液和血液中细胞因子的产生，并对 PM2.5 样品的理化特性进行了表征。结果表明，促炎细胞因子（IL-1、TNF-α 和 IL-6）、Th0 型细胞因子（IL-2）和 Th1 型细胞因子（IL-12 和 IFN-γ）呈剂量依赖性增加。滴注后 28 天，肺泡区细胞浸润和巨噬细胞吞噬作用增加。与氧化应激相关的基因（HSP 1a、HSP 8 和 SOD）和组织损伤相关基因（MMP-15、-19 和 Slpi）的表达呈时间依赖性增加。PM2.5 还诱导淋巴细胞中 T 细胞分布增加，CD4+/CD8+ 比值降低。基于这些结果，我们认为首尔居民区采集的 PM2.5 可能会引发 Th1 型炎症反应和氧化应激，并对人类健康产生不良影响。
