Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Feb;89(2):467-77. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3035.
Mature pregnant crossbred ewes (n = 90) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 3 winter-feeding systems differing in primary feed source: haylage (HL), limit-fed corn (CN), or limit-fed dried distillers grains (DDGS). Effects of these winter-feeding strategies on ewe and lamb performance were determined. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1985) nutrient requirements during gestation and were fed from about d 60 of gestation until parturition. All ewes were fed a common diet postpartum. Every 2 wk during gestation, BW and BCS were collected and diets were adjusted to maintain similar BW gain for ewes fed CN and DDGS vs. HL. At 80 and 122 d of gestation, jugular blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h postfeeding to measure plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. At birth, 6 lambs per treatment were killed to measure body composition. At 28 ± 2 d postpartum, milk yield was measured. Lambs were weaned at 61 ± 4 d of age. During mid gestation (d 60 to 115), BW gain of ewes was similar among treatments; however, at d 115 of gestation ewes fed HL had a smaller (P = 0.04) BCS than ewes fed DDGS or CN. Plasma glucose concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.004) in ewes fed CN than in those fed HL or DDGS just before feeding on d 80 and 122 of gestation, whereas ewes fed DDGS vs. CN or HL had greater (P ≤ 0.04) plasma insulin concentrations at 3 h postfeeding. At parturition, ewe BW was greatest for DDGS, least for HL, and intermediate for CN (P ≤ 0.003). Ewes fed CN and DDGS had greater BCS at parturition than those fed HL, but by weaning, ewes fed DDGS had greater BCS (P ≤ 0.05) than those fed CN or HL. Birth BW tended (P = 0.09) to be heavier for lambs from ewes fed CN and DDGS than from those fed HL prepartum, but there was no difference (P = 0.19) due to ewe gestation diet on lamb BW at weaning. At birth, lamb muscle, bone, organ, and fat measures were not affected (P > 0.13) by treatment. Ewe milk production and lamb preweaning ADG were also similar (P > 0.44) among treatments. Prepartum dam winter feed source did not have detrimental effects on pre- or postpartum ewe performance, but altered prepartum maternal nutrient supply during gestation, which affected birth weight but not preweaning growth or mortality.
成熟妊娠杂交母羊（n = 90）用于随机完全区组设计，并分为 3 种冬季饲养系统之一，这些系统的主要饲料来源不同：青贮（HL）、限量饲喂玉米（CN）或限量饲喂干酒糟（DDGS）。确定了这些冬季饲养策略对母羊和羔羊性能的影响。日粮配方旨在满足或超过 NRC（1985）妊娠和分娩期间的营养需求，并从妊娠约 60 天开始饲喂至分娩。所有母羊在产后均饲喂相同的日粮。妊娠期间每 2 周收集一次 BW 和 BCS，并调整日粮以维持 CN 和 DDGS 与 HL 饲养的母羊相似的 BW 增重。在妊娠 80 和 122 天，在饲喂后 0、3、6 和 9 h 采集颈静脉血样，以测量血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、NEFA 和血尿素氮浓度。在分娩时，每个处理 6 只羔羊被杀，以测量体成分。在产后 28 ± 2 d 时，测量产奶量。羔羊在 61 ± 4 d 龄断奶。在妊娠中期（妊娠 60 至 115 天），母羊的 BW 增重在处理之间相似；然而，在妊娠 115 天时，饲喂 HL 的母羊的 BCS 比饲喂 DDGS 或 CN 的母羊小（P = 0.04）。妊娠 80 天和 122 天，与 HL 或 DDGS 相比，饲喂 CN 的母羊的血浆葡萄糖浓度在饲喂前更高（P ≤ 0.004），而在饲喂后 3 h，饲喂 DDGS 的母羊的血浆胰岛素浓度更高（P ≤ 0.04）。在分娩时，DDGS 组的母羊 BW 最大，HL 组最小，CN 组居中（P ≤ 0.003）。与 HL 组相比，饲喂 CN 和 DDGS 的母羊在分娩时的 BCS 更高，但在断奶时，饲喂 DDGS 的母羊的 BCS 更高（P ≤ 0.05），而饲喂 CN 或 HL 的母羊的 BCS 更高。与 HL 相比，在产前，来自饲喂 CN 和 DDGS 的母羊的羔羊的初生 BW 往往更重（P = 0.09），但由于母羊妊娠期的饮食，羔羊的 BW 在断奶时没有差异（P = 0.19）。在出生时，羔羊的肌肉、骨骼、器官和脂肪测量值不受处理（P > 0.13）的影响。母羊的产奶量和羔羊的断奶前 ADG 也相似（P > 0.44）。产前母羊冬季饲料来源对产前和产后母羊的性能没有不利影响，但改变了妊娠期间母羊的产前营养供应，这影响了出生体重，但不影响断奶前的生长或死亡率。
