Gomes Juliana P, Iannuzzi Luciana, Leal Inara R
Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2010 Nov-Dec;39(6):898-905. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2010000600008.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of forest fragmentation on ant richness in a landscape of Atlantic Forest in Northeast Brazil. More specifically, the ant richness was related to the attributes of fragments (area and distance from the fragment central point to the edge), landscape (forest cover surrounding the fragments), and tree community (plant density, richness, and percentage of shade tolerant species). The surveys were carried out in 19 fragments located in Alagoas State from October 2007 to March 2008. Samples were collected through a 300 m transect established in the center of each fragment, where 30 1-m² leaf litter samples were collected at 10 m intervals. A total of 146 ant species was collected, which belonged to 42 genera, 24 tribes and nine subfamilies. The attributes of fragments and landscape did not influence ant richness. On the other hand, tree density explained ca. 23% of ant richness. In relation to functional groups, both density and richness of trees explained the richness of general myrmicines (the whole model explained ca. 42% of the variation in this group) and percentage of shade tolerant trees explained the richness of specialist predator ants (30% for the whole model). These results indicate that ant fauna is more influenced by vegetation integrity than by fragment size, distance to edge or forest cover surrounding fragments.
本研究的目的是确定森林破碎化对巴西东北部大西洋森林景观中蚂蚁丰富度的影响。更具体地说，蚂蚁丰富度与碎片的属性（面积以及从碎片中心点到边缘的距离）、景观（碎片周围的森林覆盖）和树木群落（植物密度、丰富度以及耐荫物种的百分比）有关。调查于2007年10月至2008年3月在阿拉戈斯州的19个碎片中进行。样本通过在每个碎片中心设置的300米样带收集，在样带上每隔10米收集30个1平方米的落叶样本。总共收集到146种蚂蚁，它们属于42个属、24个族和9个亚科。碎片和景观的属性并未影响蚂蚁丰富度。另一方面，树木密度解释了约23%的蚂蚁丰富度。就功能组而言，树木的密度和丰富度都解释了普通蚁科（整个模型解释了该组约42%的变异）的丰富度，耐荫树木的百分比解释了专门捕食性蚂蚁的丰富度（整个模型为30%）。这些结果表明，蚂蚁动物群受植被完整性的影响大于受碎片大小、到边缘的距离或碎片周围森林覆盖的影响。
