Pacheco Renata, Silva Rogério R, Morini Maria S de C, Brandão Carlos R F
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Univ. Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG.
Neotrop Entomol. 2009 Jan-Feb;38(1):801-11. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2009000100005.
We investigated the influence of Pinus afforestation on the structure of leaf-litter ant communities in the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, studying an old secondary forest and a nearly 30 year-old never managed Pinus elliottii reforested area. A total of 12,826 individual ants distributed among 95 species and 32 genera were obtained from 50 1 m(2) samples/ habitat. Of these, 60 species were recorded in the pine plantation and 82 in the area of Atlantic forest; almost 50% of the species found in the secondary forest area were also present in the pine plantation. The number of species per sample was significantly higher in the secondary forest than in the pine plantation. Forest-adapted taxa are the most responsible for ant species richness differences between areas, and the pine plantation is richer in species classified as soil or litter omnivorous-dominants. The specialized ant predators registered in the pine plantation, as seven Dacetini, two Basiceros, two Attini and two Discothyrea, belong to widely distributed species. The NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination also suggested strong differences in similarity among samples of the two areas. Furthermore, this analysis indicated higher sample heterogeneity in the secondary forest, with two clusters of species, while in the pine plantation the species belong to a single cluster. We applied the ant mosaic hypothesis to explain the distribution of the leaf-litter fauna and spatial autocorrelation tests among samples. We argue that the results are likely related to differences in quality and distribution of the leaf-litter between the pine plantation and the secondary area.
我们研究了巴西东南部大西洋森林中松树造林对落叶层蚂蚁群落结构的影响，研究对象为一片古老的次生林和一个近30年未管理的湿地松重新造林区。从50个1平方米的样本/栖息地中，共获得了12826只个体蚂蚁，它们分布在95个物种和32个属中。其中，在松树种植园中记录到60个物种，在大西洋森林区域记录到82个物种；在次生林区域发现的物种中，近50%也存在于松树种植园中。次生林中每个样本的物种数量显著高于松树种植园。适应森林的类群是造成不同区域蚂蚁物种丰富度差异的主要原因，而松树种植园中被归类为土壤或落叶杂食性优势种的物种更为丰富。在松树种植园中记录到的专门的蚂蚁捕食者，如7种盘腹蚁属、2种基氏蚁属、2种切叶蚁属和2种盘胸蚁属，属于分布广泛的物种。非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）排序也表明，两个区域的样本在相似性上存在很大差异。此外，该分析表明次生林的样本异质性更高，有两个物种集群，而在松树种植园中，物种属于单个集群。我们应用蚂蚁镶嵌假说解释落叶层动物群的分布以及样本间的空间自相关测试。我们认为，结果可能与松树种植园和次生区域之间落叶层的质量和分布差异有关。
