Hernández Jorge L, Rebollar-Téllez Eduardo A, Infante Francisco, Morón Alejandro, Castillo Alfredo
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Campeche, Campeche, México.
Neotrop Entomol. 2010 Nov-Dec;39(6):1024-31. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2010000600027.
Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) is considered to be one of the primary vectors of Chagas disease in Southern Mexico and Central America. The objective of the present study was to obtain ecological information on T. dimidiata in two rural communities of Campeche, Mexico, where the vector is poorly studied. Our work consisted of monthly samplings carried out during one-year time at three levels: sylvatic, peridomestic and intradomestic, in order to estimate the population abundance of this species and its rate of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Triatoma dimidiata was the unique vector of this disease collected in San Juan Bautista Sakcabchen (SJBS) and Crucero San Luis (CSL). The total of 145 individuals were captured in SJBS; from these, 26.9%, 20% and 53.1% were collected in the sylvatic, peridomestic and intradomestic area, respectively. In CSL captures yielded 108 individuals: 40.7% in the sylvatic area, 20.4% peridomestic and 38.9% intradomestic. We found no correlation between climatic variables and population abundance of T. dimidiata. Dataset obtained suggests that individuals from the sylvatic area exhibit a high rate of natural infection by T. cruzi, with monthly percentages up to 61.5% for SJBS and 50% for CSL. At the peri and intradomestic level, the reservoirs apparently play an important role in the transmission, as the seroprevalence in dogs was 61.5% y 65.4%, for SJBS y CSL, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that inhabitants of both communities are at a high risk of Chagas disease infection.
二点锥猎蝽（Latreille）被认为是墨西哥南部和中美洲恰加斯病的主要传播媒介之一。本研究的目的是获取墨西哥坎佩切两个农村社区中二点锥猎蝽的生态信息，在这两个社区该传播媒介的研究较少。我们的工作包括在一年时间内每月在三个层面进行采样：野生环境、住宅周边和住宅内，以估计该物种的种群数量及其感染克氏锥虫的比率。二点锥猎蝽是在圣胡安· Bautista Sakcabchen（SJBS）和克鲁塞罗·圣路易斯（CSL）收集到的该疾病的唯一传播媒介。在SJBS共捕获了145只个体；其中，分别在野生环境、住宅周边和住宅内区域收集到的个体占比为26.9%、20%和53.1%。在CSL捕获了108只个体：野生环境区域占40.7%，住宅周边占20.4%，住宅内占38.9%。我们发现气候变量与二点锥猎蝽的种群数量之间没有相关性。获得的数据集表明，来自野生环境区域的个体克氏锥虫自然感染率很高，SJBS的月度感染率高达61.5%，CSL为50%。在住宅周边和住宅内层面，宿主显然在传播中发挥着重要作用，因为SJBS和CSL的犬类血清阳性率分别为61.5%和65.4%。基于这些发现，得出结论，两个社区的居民感染恰加斯病的风险很高。
