Parra-Henao Gabriel, Garzón-Jiménez Sandra P, Bernal-Rosas Yuly, Olivera Mario J, Salgado Marlon, Torres-García Orlando A
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Sede Circunvalar - Bogotá, Colombia.
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 8;8:20499361211030068. doi: 10.1177/20499361211030068. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
Identifying risk factors for Triatominae infestation is essential for the development of vector control interventions.
To determine the intra- and peridomiciliary risk factors associated with triatomine infestation, a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with random cluster sampling in two stages, which included the identification of risk factors by survey and direct observation, as well as the search and capture of triatomines. The detection of trypanosomes in triatomines was carried out by observing the rectal content and then by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
In 21 of the 207 houses inspected, 13 specimens of and 19 specimens of were found. Entomological indices included: dispersion 36%, infestation 10%, infection 65%, colonization 4.7%, density 15%, and concentration 152%. An association was found between the presence of Triatominae and the existence of branches and fissures in the floors, as well as with the presence of accumulated objects and with knowledge about Chagas disease. The risk of having triatomines in urban homes is 5.7 times higher than the risk in rural areas [confidence interval (CI) 0.508-67.567]; 6.6 times in houses with cracked soil (CI 0.555-81.994), 6 times in houses located near caneys (CI 0.820-44.781), and 6.16 times with accumulated objects (CI 1.542-39.238).
Chagas disease is a complex problem that requires control based on the vector's elimination or surveillance, which implies identifying species and their distribution, generating alerts, knowledge, and awareness in the population. It is necessary to intensify surveillance activities for the event, especially in changing aspects of Chagas diseases' transmission dynamics, such as urbanization and the type of housing associated with the vector's presence.
确定锥蝽感染的风险因素对于制定病媒控制干预措施至关重要。
为了确定与锥蝽感染相关的室内和住宅周边风险因素，开展了一项两阶段随机整群抽样的横断面分析研究，包括通过调查和直接观察识别风险因素，以及搜索和捕获锥蝽。通过观察直肠内容物然后进行常规聚合酶链反应（PCR）来检测锥蝽体内的锥虫。
在检查的207所房屋中的21所里，发现了13只 样本和19只 样本。昆虫学指标包括：扩散率36%、感染率10%、侵染率65%、定殖率4.7%、密度15%和聚集度152%。发现锥蝽的存在与地板上的树枝和裂缝、堆积物品的存在以及对恰加斯病的了解之间存在关联。城市家庭中有锥蝽的风险比农村地区高5.7倍[置信区间（CI）0.508 - 67.567]；土壤有裂缝的房屋中高6.6倍（CI 0.555 - 81.994），靠近甘蔗地的房屋中高6倍（CI 0.820 - 44.781），有堆积物品的房屋中高6.16倍（CI 1.542 - 39.238）。
恰加斯病是一个复杂的问题，需要基于消灭或监测病媒进行控制，这意味着要识别物种及其分布，在人群中发出警报、传播知识并提高认识。有必要加强针对该事件的监测活动，特别是在恰加斯病传播动态不断变化的方面，如城市化以及与病媒存在相关的住房类型。
