Zhang Su-Zhan
Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Jan;14(1):16-8.
Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Screening for colorectal cancer is the most effective method to decrease mortality. Colorectal adenoma is the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer and can be detected through colonoscopy, which is the crucial in the early diagnosis and early treatment for colorectal cancer. The first step of screening is the selection of target population and the second step is colorectal examination. The selection of candidate for screening has direct effect on the efficacy of screening. The methods in common use include fecal occult blood test, questionnaire for high risk factors of colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT virtual colonoscopy. Among those, colonoscopy is the most reliable method and widely used in the screening for colorectal cancer.
近年来，结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率显著上升。结直肠癌筛查是降低死亡率的最有效方法。结直肠腺瘤是结直肠癌的癌前病变，可通过结肠镜检查检测到，这对结直肠癌的早期诊断和早期治疗至关重要。筛查的第一步是选择目标人群，第二步是进行结直肠检查。筛查候选人的选择直接影响筛查效果。常用的方法包括粪便潜血试验、结直肠癌高危因素问卷、结肠镜检查、乙状结肠镜检查和CT虚拟结肠镜检查。其中，结肠镜检查是最可靠的方法，广泛应用于结直肠癌筛查。
