Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Biofouling. 2011 Feb;27(2):185-92. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.551535.
Settlement inhibition of barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) cypris larvae resulting from exposure to ultrasound was measured at three frequencies (23, 63, and 102 kHz), applied at three acoustic pressure levels (9, 15, and 22 kPa) for exposure times of 30, 150, and 300 s. The lowest settlement was observed for 23 kHz, which also induced the highest cyprid mortality. Cyprid settlement following exposure to 23 kHz at 22 kPa for 30 s was reduced by a factor of two. Observing surface exploration by the cyprids revealed an altered behaviour following exposure to ultrasound: step length was increased, while step duration, walking pace, and the fraction of cyprids exploring the surface were significantly reduced with respect to control cyprids. The basal area of juvenile barnacles, metamorphosed from ultrasound-treated cyprids was initially smaller than unexposed individuals, but normalised over two weeks' growth. Thus, ultrasound exposure effectively reduced cyprid settlement, yet metamorphosed barnacles grew normally.
超声波对藤壶幼虫（藤壶 Amphibalanus amphitrite）的附着抑制作用在三种频率（23、63 和 102 kHz）、三种声压水平（9、15 和 22 kPa）下进行了测量，暴露时间分别为 30、150 和 300 s。在 23 kHz 下观察到最低的附着率，同时也诱导了最高的幼虫死亡率。在 22 kPa 下，23 kHz 超声暴露 30 s 后，附着率降低了两倍。观察幼虫的表面探索发现，超声暴露后行为发生了改变：步幅增加，而步幅持续时间、行走速度以及探索表面的幼虫比例与对照幼虫相比显著降低。与未经处理的个体相比，经超声处理的幼虫变态形成的幼藤壶的基部面积最初较小，但在两周的生长过程中逐渐正常化。因此，超声暴露有效地降低了幼虫的附着率，但变态形成的藤壶正常生长。
