DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jan 8;21(2):389. doi: 10.3390/s21020389.
Water monitoring sensors in industrial, municipal and environmental monitoring are advancing our understanding of science, aid developments in process automatization and control and support real-time decisions in emergency situations. Sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, increasingly specialized and diversified and cheaper. Advanced deployment platforms now exist to support various monitoring needs together with state-of-the-art power and communication capabilities. For a large percentage of submersed instrumentation, biofouling is the single biggest factor affecting the operation, maintenance and data quality. This increases the cost of ownership to the extent that it is prohibitive to maintain operational sensor networks and infrastructures. In this context, the paper provides a brief overview of biofouling, including the development and properties of biofilms. The state-of-the-art established and emerging antifouling strategies are reviewed and discussed. A summary of the currently implemented solutions in commercially available sensors is provided and current trends are discussed. Finally, the limitations of the currently used solutions are reviewed, and future research and development directions are highlighted.
工业、市政和环境监测中的水质监测传感器正在加深我们对科学的理解，有助于实现工艺自动化和控制的发展，并支持紧急情况下的实时决策。传感器正变得更小、更智能、越来越专业化和多样化，而且价格更便宜。现在有先进的部署平台来支持各种监测需求，以及最先进的电源和通信功能。对于很大一部分水下仪器仪表来说，生物污垢是影响运行、维护和数据质量的唯一最大因素。这增加了拥有成本，以至于运营传感器网络和基础设施的维护成本变得非常高。在这种情况下，本文简要概述了生物污垢，包括生物膜的发展和特性。综述了现有的和新兴的防污策略，并进行了讨论。提供了商业上可用传感器中当前实施解决方案的摘要，并讨论了当前的趋势。最后，回顾了当前使用的解决方案的局限性，并强调了未来的研究和发展方向。
