National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Department of Drug Dependence Research, Kodaira, Japan.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Jan;1216:62-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05914.x.
Drug abuse in Japan began after World War II and has been characterized by three epidemics of methamphetamine abuse; in addition, solvent abuse has been prominent for a long time. Since 1995, with the beginning of the third epidemic of methamphetamine abuse, drug abuse or dependence in Japan changed, with a marked decrease in solvent abuse, stabilization of methamphetamine abuse, an increase in the abuse of such drugs as cannabis or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (which do not have high potential of causing drug-induced psychosis), and the emergence of designer drugs. Furthermore, the abuse of medical drugs such as Ritalin became a major issue in 2007. These changes reveal an increase in the abuse of drugs that do not as easily produce a psychotic state, underlain with a shift from personal conduct that leads to arrest to conduct that does not. Japan, therefore, needs to deal with drug abuse and dependence using not only a medical model, but also a criminal model as well.
日本的药物滥用始于第二次世界大战之后，其特点是经历了三次苯丙胺滥用的流行；此外，溶剂滥用问题长期突出。自 1995 年第三次苯丙胺滥用流行开始以来，日本的药物滥用或药物依赖情况发生了变化，溶剂滥用明显减少，苯丙胺滥用保持稳定，大麻或 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（其不会产生高的药物诱发精神病的潜力）等药物的滥用有所增加，以及出现了策划药。此外，2007 年，哌醋甲酯等医用药物的滥用成为一个主要问题。这些变化表明，不易产生精神病状态的药物滥用有所增加，其背后是从导致被捕的个人行为转变为不导致被捕的行为。因此，日本不仅需要采用医疗模式，还需要采用刑事模式来处理药物滥用和药物依赖问题。
