Wan Qun-Fang, Heidelberger Ruth
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Vis Neurosci. 2011 Jan;28(1):109-19. doi: 10.1017/S0952523810000453.
Bipolar cells play a vital role in the transfer of visual information across the vertebrate retina. The synaptic output of these neurons is regulated by factors that are extrinsic and intrinsic. Relatively little is known about the intrinsic factors that regulate neurotransmitter exocytosis. Much of what we know about intrinsic presynaptic mechanisms that regulate glutamate release has come from the study of the unusually large and accessible synaptic terminal of the goldfish rod-dominant bipolar cell, the Mb1 bipolar cell. However, over the past several years, examination of presynaptic mechanisms governing neurotransmitter release has been extended to the mammalian rod bipolar cell. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of synaptic vesicle dynamics and neurotransmitter release in rodent rod bipolar cells and consider how these properties help to shape the synaptic output of the mammalian retina.
双极细胞在脊椎动物视网膜视觉信息传递中起着至关重要的作用。这些神经元的突触输出受外在和内在因素调节。关于调节神经递质胞吐作用的内在因素，我们了解得相对较少。我们对调节谷氨酸释放的内在突触前机制的许多认识，都来自对金鱼视杆主导双极细胞Mb1双极细胞异常大且易于研究的突触末端的研究。然而，在过去几年中，对控制神经递质释放的突触前机制的研究已扩展到哺乳动物视杆双极细胞。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在理解啮齿动物视杆双极细胞中突触小泡动力学和神经递质释放方面的最新进展，并思考这些特性如何塑造哺乳动物视网膜的突触输出。
