Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Apr;399(10):3529-39. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-4679-y. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
Among the post-translational modifications, oxidation and glycation are of special interest, especially in diseases such as diabetes, and in aging. The synergistic interaction between glycation and oxidation, also known as "glycoxidation" is highly relevant due to its involvement in the production of deleterious changes at the molecular level. Non-enzymatic damage to nuclear proteins has potentially severe consequences for the maintenance of genomic integrity [54]. In this report, we study glycated histones and its in vitro oxidation. Data concerning the modifications that occurred in the histones were obtained by analysis of enzymatic digests (Glu-C and Arg-C) of unmodified and glycated histones, obtained before and after oxidation. Analysis was then performed using a MALDI-MS/MS-based approach combined with nano liquid chromatography. This approach allowed us to identify histone H2B and H1 specific-sites of oxidation and to distinguish the most affected residues for each histone. The results showed the occurrence of a cumulative effect of oxidative damage in the glycated histones when subjected to in vitro oxidation, suggesting that structural changes caused by glycation induces histones to a pro-oxidant state. Comparing the data of oxidized glycated histones with data from unmodified oxidized histones, using the same model of oxidation, the results clearly show that these oxidative modifications occur earlier and more extensively in glycated histones. Furthermore, the results pointed to an increased oxidative damage in the vicinity of the glycated residues.
在翻译后的内容中，“glycation”统一译为“糖基化”，“glycoxidation”统一译为“糖基化氧化”。
在翻译后的内容中，“glycated histones”统一译为“糖基化组蛋白”，“histones”统一译为“组蛋白”。
在翻译后的内容中，“MALDI-MS/MS-based approach”统一译为“基质辅助激光解吸电离串联质谱法”，“nano liquid chromatography”统一译为“纳升液相色谱”。
在翻译后的内容中，“pro-oxidant state”统一译为“促氧化剂状态”。
在翻译后的内容中，“glycated residues”统一译为“糖基化残基”。
在翻译后的内容中，“oxidative damage”统一译为“氧化损伤”。
在翻译后的内容中，“oxidative modifications”统一译为“氧化修饰”。
在翻译后的内容中，“glycation”和“glycated”出现在同一翻译单元中，且译法保持一致。
在翻译后的内容中，“post-translational modifications”统一译为“翻译后修饰”。
在翻译后的内容中，“Among the post-translational modifications, oxidation and glycation are of special interest, especially in diseases such as diabetes, and in aging. ”统一译为“在翻译后修饰中，氧化和糖基化特别有趣，尤其是在糖尿病和衰老等疾病中。”
在翻译后的内容中，“The synergistic interaction between glycation and oxidation, also known as "glycoxidation" is highly relevant due to its involvement in the production of deleterious changes at the molecular level. ”统一译为“糖基化和氧化之间的协同相互作用，也称为“糖基化氧化”，由于其涉及在分子水平上产生有害变化，因此非常相关。”
在翻译后的内容中，“Non-enzymatic damage to nuclear proteins has potentially severe consequences for the maintenance of genomic integrity [54]. ”统一译为“核蛋白的非酶损伤可能对基因组完整性的维持产生潜在的严重后果[54]。”
在翻译后的内容中，“In this report, we study glycated histones and its in vitro oxidation. ”统一译为“在本报告中，我们研究了糖基化组蛋白及其体外氧化。”
在翻译后的内容中，“Data concerning the modifications that occurred in the histones were obtained by analysis of enzymatic digests (Glu-C and Arg-C) of unmodified and glycated histones, obtained before and after oxidation. ”统一译为“通过分析未经修饰和糖基化组蛋白的酶消化物（Glu-C 和 Arg-C）获得有关组蛋白中发生的修饰的数据，这些组蛋白是在氧化前后获得的。”
在翻译后的内容中，“Analysis was then performed using a MALDI-MS/MS-based approach combined with nano liquid chromatography. ”统一译为“然后使用基于基质辅助激光解吸电离串联质谱法（MALDI-MS/MS）的方法结合纳升液相色谱进行分析。”
在翻译后的内容中，“This approach allowed us to identify histone H2B and H1 specific-sites of oxidation and to distinguish the most affected residues for each histone. ”统一译为“这种方法使我们能够鉴定组蛋白 H2B 和 H1 的氧化特异性位点，并区分每个组蛋白中受影响最大的残基。”
在翻译后的内容中，“The results showed the occurrence of a cumulative effect of oxidative damage in the glycated histones when subjected to in vitro oxidation, suggesting that structural changes caused by glycation induces histones to a pro-oxidant state. ”统一译为“结果表明，糖基化组蛋白在体外氧化时发生了氧化损伤的累积效应，表明糖基化引起的结构变化使组蛋白处于促氧化剂状态。”
在翻译后的内容中，“Comparing the data of oxidized glycated histones with data from unmodified oxidized histones, using the same model of oxidation, the results clearly show that these oxidative modifications occur earlier and more extensively in glycated histones. ”统一译为“使用相同的氧化模型比较氧化糖基化组蛋白的数据与未修饰氧化组蛋白的数据，结果清楚地表明，这些氧化修饰在糖基化组蛋白中更早且更广泛地发生。”
在翻译后的内容中，“Furthermore, the results pointed to an increased oxidative damage in the vicinity of the glycated residues. ”统一译为“此外，结果表明糖基化残基附近的氧化损伤增加。”
