密歇根州蒂塔博瓦萨河和萨吉诺河漫滩土壤和沉积物中一氯到六氯苯的分布。
Distribution of mono- through hexa-chlorobenzenes in floodplain soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee and Saginaw Rivers, Michigan.
机构信息
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, PO Box: 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
出版信息
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Jul;18(6):897-907. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0437-5. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
INTRODUCTION
Chlorobenzenes are used as solvents or as feedstocks in the production of pesticide formulations, dyes, room deodorizers, moth-proofing agents, and de-inking solvents. Chlorobenzenes were produced by the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, for several decades. In this study, concentrations of 12 chlorobenzene (CBz) congeners, from mono- to hexachlorobenzenes, were measured in more than 150 floodplain soil (FPS), surface sediment, and sediment core (SC) samples collected during 2002-2004 from the Pine River, Tittabawassee River, Shiawassee River, Saginaw River, and Saginaw Bay, Michigan.
METHODS
Five grams of wet sediment were homogenized with anhydrous sodium sulfate and extracted with 20% dichloromethane/hexane. The extracts were purified by silica gel column chromatography and analyzed by a gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS).
RESULTS
Mean concentrations of ΣCBz in FPS and surface sediment were seven to 30 times higher in the Tittabawassee River (80 and 60 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively) than in the Saginaw River (2.4 and 8.1 ng/g dw, respectively) and Saginaw Bay (5.5 and 8.0 ng/g dw, respectively). Concentrations of ΣCBz were low in surface sediment and FPS from locations upstream of Midland, Michigan, on the Tittabawassee River. Concentrations of ΣCBz were higher in FPS than in surface sediment of the Tittabawassee River; on the contrary, surface sediment contained higher concentrations of CBz than FPS from the other rivers studied. High concentrations of hexachlorobenzene were found in FPS of the Tittabawassee River. All CBz congeners, except for dichlorobenzenes (DCBz), showed a trend of spatial decrease with downstream of the Dow Chemical Company in Midland. The CBz congener composition of the samples showed multiple patterns that reflected differences in historical emissions and environmental partitioning, arising from variations in physico-chemical properties of CBz. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCBz) was found in all of the samples and accounted for a high proportion of total CBz. The relationship between concentrations of CBz and previously reported concentrations of PCDD/Fs for the same set of samples (Kannan et al. 2008) was significant, indicating similarities in sources and depositions of these two classes of compounds in the watershed.
简介
氯苯类化合物可用作溶剂或生产农药制剂、染料、室内除臭剂、防蛀剂和脱墨溶剂的原料。氯苯类化合物由密歇根州米德兰市的道化学公司生产了几十年。在这项研究中，2002 年至 2004 年期间，从皮恩河、蒂塔巴瓦斯西河、肖尼西河、萨吉诺河和萨吉诺湾采集了 150 多个洪泛区土壤（FPS）、表层沉积物和沉积物芯（SC）样本，共测量了 12 种氯苯（CBz）同系物的浓度，从单氯苯到六氯苯。
方法
将 5 克湿沉积物与无水硫酸钠混合，用 20%二氯甲烷/己烷萃取。提取物通过硅胶柱层析纯化，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC/MS）进行分析。
结果
FPS 和表层沉积物中ΣCBz 的平均浓度在蒂塔巴瓦斯西河（分别为 80 和 60ng/g 干重（dw））是萨吉诺河（分别为 2.4 和 8.1ng/g dw）和萨吉诺湾（分别为 5.5 和 8.0ng/g dw）的 7 到 30 倍。密歇根州米德兰市上游蒂塔巴瓦斯西河的位置处，FPS 和表层沉积物中的ΣCBz 浓度较低。FPS 中ΣCBz 的浓度高于蒂塔巴瓦斯西河的表层沉积物；相反，从研究的其他河流中采集的表层沉积物中 CBz 的浓度高于 FPS。FPS 中六氯苯浓度较高。除二氯苯（DCBz）外，所有 CBz 同系物均呈现出随米德兰市 Dow 化学公司下游空间递减的趋势。样品的 CBz 同系物组成表现出多种模式，反映了历史排放和环境分区的差异，这是由 CBz 的物理化学性质的变化引起的。1,4-二氯苯（1,4-DCBz）存在于所有样本中，占总 CBz 的很大比例。CBz 浓度与同一组样本中先前报道的 PCDD/Fs 浓度之间存在显著关系（Kannan 等人，2008 年），表明这两类化合物在流域中的来源和沉积具有相似性。
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