Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; VA Northern California Healthcare System, CA, USA.
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; VA Northern California Healthcare System, CA, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2011 Mar;32(1):75-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2010.11.004.
Smoking during pregnancy is among the leading preventable causes of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Smoking prevalence among young women is the primary determinant of smoking prevalence during pregnancy. Smoking among women of childbearing age is associated with reduced fertility, increased complications of pregnancy, and a variety of adverse fetal outcomes. There is increasing evidence of lasting adverse effects on offspring. Guidelines for smoking cessation during pregnancy have been developed. This article reviews the epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy, the adverse effects of smoking on the mother, fetus, and offspring, and recommended approaches to smoking cessation for pregnant women.
怀孕期间吸烟是导致母婴不良结局的主要可预防原因之一。年轻女性的吸烟率是怀孕期间吸烟率的主要决定因素。育龄妇女吸烟与生育能力下降、妊娠并发症增加以及各种不良胎儿结局有关。越来越多的证据表明，吸烟对后代有持久的不良影响。已经制定了怀孕期间戒烟的指南。本文综述了怀孕期间吸烟的流行病学、吸烟对母亲、胎儿和后代的不良影响，以及推荐给孕妇的戒烟方法。
