Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
J Sports Sci. 2011 Mar;29(5):471-6. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.543915.
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of illicit drugs use among young adults, in particular elite athletes. This study considers the data obtained from anti-doping analyses performed on nearly 100,000 urine samples from 2000 to 2009 by the World Anti-Doping Agency accredited Italian Anti-Doping Laboratory. The percentage of adverse analytical findings varies on a yearly basis, but it is in the range 1.0-1.8% (not considering atypical findings, such as an altered endogenous steroid profile). Among positive results, there is a high prevalence of stimulants and drugs of abuse. The drug of abuse found most frequently is the tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) metabolite, accounting for 0.2-0.4% of the total samples analysed (18% of the positive results). The second most frequently encountered drug is cocaine, as detected from cocaine metabolites, accounting for 0.1% of the total samples analysed (7% of positive results). Other stimulants found included amphetamines, ephedrines, carphedon, modafinil, and anorexic compounds. No amphetamine-like designer drugs were detected. These data are indicative of the widespread prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use among the young adult population. However, due to the particular population studied, it must be considered an underestimation of the phenomenon among elite athletes with respect to the general population.
本研究旨在评估年轻人，特别是精英运动员中非法药物使用的流行率。本研究考虑了 2000 年至 2009 年世界反兴奋剂机构认可的意大利兴奋剂检测实验室对近 100,000 份尿液样本进行的反兴奋剂分析中获得的数据。每年不良分析结果的百分比有所不同，但在 1.0-1.8%之间（不考虑非典型发现，如改变的内源性类固醇谱）。在阳性结果中，兴奋剂和滥用药物的流行率很高。最常发现的滥用药物是四氢大麻酚（大麻）代谢物，占分析总样本的 0.2-0.4%（阳性结果的 18%）。第二常见的药物是可卡因，从可卡因代谢物中检测到，占分析总样本的 0.1%（阳性结果的 7%）。其他发现的兴奋剂包括安非他命、麻黄碱、卡非多、莫达非尼和厌食化合物。未检测到安非他命类设计药物。这些数据表明，可卡因和大麻在年轻人群中的使用非常普遍。然而，由于研究的特定人群，与一般人群相比，这可能低估了精英运动员中的这种现象。
