Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, West Bengal 700026, India.
Mutat Res. 2011 Apr 3;721(2):178-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.01.011. Epub 2011 Jan 31.
Genotoxicity of glue sniffing/huffing and tobacco use has been examined in 302 street boys (median age 13 years) and 50 age-matched control school boys who were neither tobacco nor glue users. All the street boys were tobacco users. In addition, 155 were addicted to gasp an industrial adhesive popularly known as 'Golden glue'. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was determined as a measure of chromosomal breakage in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells (BECs) and DNA double strand breaks were quantitatively assessed by counting γ-H2AX foci using immunofluorescence microscopy. Micronucleated cell frequencies (MCFs) in BEC of glue non-addicted (only tobacco) and addicted (tobacco plus glue) street boys were 1.87 ± 1.06‰ and 4.04 ± 2.55‰ respectively, which were significantly higher than that of control (0.32 ± 0.11‰, p<0.0001). Similarly, the numbers γ-H2AX foci in nuclei of BEC were 2.3- and 5.2-times more than control in glue non-addicted and addicted street boys respectively (p<0.0001). Spearman's rank correlation revealed a strong positive association between years of glue addiction with MCFs and γ-H2AX foci numbers, and the association between glue addiction and chromosomal and DNA damage remained positive and significant after controlling income, spending on addiction and loss of appetite as potential confounders in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Thus, addiction to tobacco among the street children in India is associated with chromosomal and DNA damage in BECs and the severity of these changes is significantly increased by the habit of sniffing/huffing of industrial glue.
街头男孩（中位数年龄为 13 岁）和 50 名年龄匹配的非吸烟非胶毒吸对照学校男孩的胶水嗅吸/吸胶和烟草使用的遗传毒性已被研究。所有街头男孩均为烟草使用者。此外，有 155 人沉迷于一种工业胶水，俗称“金色胶水”。通过免疫荧光显微镜计数 γ-H2AX 焦点来定量评估细胞脱落后口腔上皮细胞（BEC）中的 DNA 双链断裂，以微核（MN）频率作为染色体断裂的衡量标准。非胶毒瘾（仅吸烟）和胶毒瘾（吸烟加胶毒）街头男孩的 BEC 中的微核细胞频率（MCF）分别为 1.87 ± 1.06‰和 4.04 ± 2.55‰，明显高于对照组（0.32 ± 0.11‰，p<0.0001）。同样，非胶毒瘾和胶毒瘾街头男孩的 BEC 细胞核中 γ-H2AX 焦点数量分别比对照组多 2.3-和 5.2 倍（p<0.0001）。Spearman 秩相关分析显示，胶毒成瘾年限与 MCFs 和 γ-H2AX 焦点数量之间存在强烈的正相关，并且在多元逻辑回归分析中控制收入、成瘾支出和食欲不振等潜在混杂因素后，胶毒成瘾与染色体和 DNA 损伤之间的关联仍然为正相关且显著。因此，印度街头儿童的烟草成瘾与 BEC 中的染色体和 DNA 损伤有关，而嗅吸/吸胶的习惯使这些变化的严重程度显著增加。
